Asexual and Sexual Reproduction

• Reproduction - Is the process by which living organisms like humans, animals & plants form new individuals of the same kind.
• Reproduction - The ability of an organism to produce new individuals is one of the characteristics that distinguish living things to non-living things.
• "reproduce" - to make new life
• Asexual - It is the creation of a new organism from a single or one parent and does not involve the combination of gametes or sex cells.
• Asexual - Only One Parent → Offspring will solely inherit the hereditary information from its parent

  
• Asexual

  • The Offspring is exactly the same as the parent.

  • The genetic makeup of the offspring is the same as the parent
• Asexual - is the form of reproduction for Unicellular Organism
• Advantages of Asexual

  • The organism does not need to search for a partner.
  • It requires less energy since no mating is needed.
  • It takes only a short period of time.
  • Produces many offspring at one reproductive cycle.
• Disadvantages of Asexual

  • No variation in the genetic makeup of the offspring.
• Binary Fission - process by which parent cell splits and producing two independent daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell Replicated DNA goes with each new daughter cell

  A) bacterial cell

  B) DNA Molecule

  C) DNA Replication

  D) cell membrane

  E) cell wall synthesis

  F) cell separation

  
• Budding - Each bud forms from the parent’s cells and grows until it forms a complete or nearly complete new organism that is genetically identical to the parent
• Budding - process in which an organism develops tiny buds on its body

  and an Offspring grows out of parent

  
• Yeast and hydras reproduce by budding
• Fragmentation - is the breaking of the body into two parts with subsequent Regeneration and separate individuals will regrow.

  
• Fragmentation - process of splitting into fragments and each fragment grows into an individual organism. 
• Regeneration - happens when an organism regrows certain parts or limbs which is lost

  
• Example of Regeneration - Salamander and Lizards
• Sporulation (Spore Formation) - spores are produced and each spore develops into offspring which are identical to parent
• Vegetative Propagation - results in a new plant that is genetically identical to the parent plant (a clone)
• Sporulation (Spore formation) - happens in fungi, green algae, molds and non flowering plants (e.g. ferns)

  
• Vegetative propagation - Examples: strawberry plant, potato, ginger

  
• Sexual - It is the type of reproduction that involves two parents and combination of gametes (sex cells) to produce a new organism.
• Sexual - with gametes (sperm and egg cell)
• Sexual - The offspring’s traits and genetic makeup is a combination of its parents.
• Sexual - fungi, flowering plants, animals, flowering plants
• Advantages Sexual - It creates variation in the genetic makeup of the offspring.
• Disadvantages of Sexual

  • It requires looking for a partner
  • It also requires more energy.
  • The rate of reproduction is slower.
• External Fertilization - It is characterized by the release of both sperm & egg into an external environment.

  
• Internal Fertilization - It happens when the male deposits his sperms directly into the female’s body