module 9 - fruits and seeds

• epigeal - cotyledons are found aboveground and often photosynthetic.
• hypogeal - have cotyledons remaining below the ground.
• fruit - ripened ovary functioning for protecting and dispersing seeds.
• seed - Fertilized ovule
• simple - derived from a single ovary (1 fruit = 1 ovary)
• compound - several ovaries
• aggregate - many fruit 1 flower
• multiple - many fruit many flower
• fleshy - fruit that has a thick soft succulent or fibrous fruit wall
• dry - typically have thin papery or dry fruit walls.
• dehiscent - fruit wall may split open
• indehiscent - remain closed
• berry - entire pericarp soft
• simple - not classified to pepo or hesperidium
• pepo - exocarp tough; inner pericarp tissues not further differentiated
• hesperidium - exocarp leathery
• pome - exocarp and mesocarp soft; endocarp papery or leathery
• drupe - exocarp and mesocarp soft; endocarp hard
• legume - develops from a single carpel; fruit breaks open along two sides
• follicle - develops from a single carpel; fruit breaks open along only one side
• schizocarp - develops from a compound gynoecium; fruit breaks into individual carpels called mericarps
• capsule - develops from a compound gynoecium; fruit opens either along or between lines of fusion, into top and bottom half,
• caryopsis - one-seeded; seed coat and pericarp fused upon maturation
• achene - one-seeded; pericarp thin and papery, in some cases specialized into cypsela with parachute-like appendages
• samara - one-seeded; with wing-like appendage
• cypsela - parachute-like appendages
• nuts - flower with several carpels and ovules with only one maturing into seed; entire pericarp hard