Envi mod 1 & 2

• Conventional Energy Resources


  Also known as non-renewable sources of energy
• Non-conventional Energy Resources


  Also known as renewable resources
• Conventional Energy Resources in the Philippines

  • Coal
  • Crude Oil
  • Natural Gas
• Coal


  • The first fossil fuel discovered
  • Also known as the "dirty fuel"
• Coal mining, transportation, washing, combustion, and disposing of post-combustion wastes carry health risks that lead to mild to severe lung, heart, and brain diseases as well as work-related injuries
• Coal is a major contributor to climate change, air, and water pollutions
• The Philippines holds 0.03% of the world share of coal as of 2016, with more than 348 million tons of coal placed as the 47th in the world

  
• The total coal consumption increased by 59.55% compared to coal production, resulting in a yearly deficit of 9,048,863 tons of coal

  
• Crude Oil


  • Produced from fossils of plants and animals that were buried million years ago, under the conditions of high temperature and pressure
• Petrochemicals produced from refined crude oil such as diesel and gasoline are used in various activities, in different industries, transportation, generate electricity, and even in plastic production
• The burning of oil produces Carbon dioxide that contributes to climate change and can pollute the air
• Philippine Oil holds 0.01% of the world share as of 2016, ranking 64th in the world

  
• Total Oil Reserves in the Philippines are less than even a single year of oil consumption (156,585,000 barrels as of 2016), making the Philippines highly dependent on oil imports to sustain its consumption levels resulting in 236,907 barrels per day as our oil imports
• Natural Gas


  • Comes from fossils
  • It is a mixture of light hydrocarbons namely; methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), and butane (C4H10)
  • It contains 85% to 90% methane and some hydrogen sulfide, which is a common impurity in fossil fuels
• Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is usually used for cooking
• Ethane, propane, and butane serve as raw materials for the huge ethylene petrochemical industry that produces polyethylene plastic, ethylene glycol, and ethyl alcohol
• Natural gas is considered a cleaner fuel than coal and crude oil because it produces fewer sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and reactive hydrocarbon combustion
• However, it still produces carbon dioxide when burned and has a major environmental impact and global warming
• The Philippines holds 0.050% share of the world's gas, ranking 50th in the world
• The Philippines have proven reserves equivalent to 31.4 times its annual consumption. This means it has about 31 years of gas left (at current consumption levels and excluding unproven reserves)
• Coal, crude oil, and natural gas are very useful energy sources but we cannot deny their harmful impacts on our environment
• If humans used all the fossil fuels, it would take millions of years before we produce the same amount that we have been burned
• We have to look for alternative energy resources or non-conventional energy resources to supply the increasing energy demand as well as to have the safest and cleanest source of energy
• Non-Conventional Energy Resources


  Known as renewable resources have less environmental impact
• Renewable Energy Resources


  • Solar energy
  • Wind energy
  • Hydroelectric energy
  • Geothermal energy
  • Bio-energy fuels
• The Philippine Government target expanding renewable energy installed capacity to 15,304 megawatts (MW) by 2030 and will push the percentage share of the Renewable Energy sector close to 35% of the country's energy generation mix
• The Renewable Energy (RE) Act of 2008 or Republic Act (R.A.) 9513 is an act promoting the development, utilization, and commercialization of renewable energy resources and for other purposes
• The Philippines is the 5th in Asia in terms of using renewable or clean energy with 23.4 %
• According to the Department of Energy, the energy demand in the Philippines will increase by 7,000 MW in the next five years. Out of 25 energy plants installed, 64 % are coal-fired and 6% are renewable
• Solar Energy


  • Energy from the sun
  • The energy is collected and converted into electricity by photovoltaic cells
• The Philippines has a solar power plant located in Cagayan de Oro in Mindanao and solar photovoltaic in Batanes Islands as a charging station
• Wind Energy


  • Energy from moving air
  • The kinetic energy produced by moving air will be collected and converted into electricity through a wind turbine generator
  • The blades or rotor attached to the generator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
  • It has been used for industrial ships, agriculture, pumping water, and even other household services
• The first wind farm in the country is located along Bangui Bay in Ilocos Norte producing 25 MW of electricity. This is the largest energy-generating set in the Southeast Asian region
• Geothermal Energy


  • The heat emitted from the earth in the form of hot water or steam
  • The Philippines is located at the "Pacific Ring of Fire" with many dormant and active volcanoes
  • The Philippines considered the third-largest producer in the world next to Indonesia (top 2) and United States (top 1) as of 2019
  • The Geothermal power plants located in Laguna and Albay produces more than 900 MW of energy
• The big turbines and generators produce intolerable noise and irritating scents of hydrogen sulfide gas make the air unhealthy for the people living nearby area
• Hydropower


  • Energy from flowing or falling water
  • The water is released through the large pipes and could spin the turbines attached to the generators that covert the potential and kinetic energy of water into electricity
  • Water is free and does not produce greenhouse gases, but building dams can destruct wildlife and the migration pattern of animals and humans
• According to the Department of Energy, the Philippines has 3,627MW of hydropower installed
• Biomass


  • Energy comes from plant and animal resources
  • Harnessed from wood, sugar cane, coconut husks, shells, and other biological wastes
  • Animal manure is allowed to decay to produce methane as biofuels
  • The decayed plants produced methanol or methyl alcohol (wood alcohol) and ethanol or ethyl alcohol (grain alcohol)
  • Garbage dumpsites and sanitary landfills produce methane fuels through anaerobic bacteria. Burning methane produces less carbon dioxide and releases fewer impurities to the environment
• The Department of Energy is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for preparing, integrating, manipulating, organizing, coordinating, supervising and controlling all plans, programs, projects and activities of the Government relative to energy exploration, development, utilization, distribution and conservation
• The gross generation of the Philippines increased to 106,041 GWh registering a growth of 6.3% from the previous year (2018)