R&W 1st QUARTER

• Intertext

  There are relationships among texts. Some texts are influenced by other texts.
• Intertextuality


  The development of a text's meaning through another text. It shows the connections between language, images, characters, themes or subject.
• Types of Intertextuality


  • Appropriation
  • Allusion
  • Parody
• Appropriation


  A reworking or reimagining of an existing text, and making it new.
• Allusion


  Reference to another text. Can also be a reference to a person, place, or event. Example: "Chocolate cake is my Achilles heel."
• Parody


  A work which is created to imitate and make fun of an original text, work, composition literature, style, content or author in an amusing way or for a comic effect.
• Hypertext


  A non-linear way of showing information. It connects related information, graphics, videos, or sounds to the text.
• NELSON (1987) described hypertext as a series of chunks connected by links that offer readers different pathways.
• Advantages of Hypertext


  • Multiple paths of inquiry
  • Individualized Learning opportunities
  • Reader or learner control
  • It supports the connection of ideas
  • Creating new references
  • Critical thinking
• Properties of Well-Written Text

  • Organization
  • Coherence and Cohesion
  • Language Use
  • Mechanics
• Organization

  Arrangement of ideas in a text
• Organization

  • Clear statement of purpose, position, facts, examples, specific details, definition, explanation, justification, opposing viewpoints
  • Listing ideas
  • Graphic Organizer
  • Outlining
• Coherence

  How easy it is to understand the writing
• Cohesion

  Connectivity in text, focuses on the grammatical aspects of writing
• Coherence and Cohesion

  • I had the most beautiful experience when I went to the zoo. I saw different kinds of birds. But it was my first time to see carabao flying.
• Language Use

  Appropriateness of the words/vocabulary use. Effective language is specific, concise, familiar, and appropriate.
• Language Use

  • We Collaborated together to the project. (BETTER: We collaborated to the project.)
  • Firefighter not fireman, chairperson not chairman, Spokesperson not spokesman
• Formal Language

  Used in writing academics, business and officials texts. Does not use colloquialisms, contractions.
• Formal vs Informal Language

  • A. We asked the secretary to call the professor and get her permission for us to continue our research.
  • B. We requested that the secretary contact the professor and obtain her permi-ssion for us to continue our research.
• Mechanics

  Technicalities or conventions that have to be considered in writing, such as spelling, punctuation, capitalization, grammar, and voice of the verb.
• Reading

  • Decoding Process (breaking down of written codes) and a Comprehension Process
  • It is a method of Representing Language in Visual or Tactile Form
• Patterns of development in writing

  Strategies used to develop ideas or logically organize ideas in a text
• Patterns of development in writing

  • Narration
  • Description
  • Definition
  • Compare and Contrast
  • Problem-Solution/Solving
  • Cause and Effect
• Narration

  • Describes what, when, and where something happened
  • Tell story
• Description

  • Gives details or information of what a person, object, place or a situation
• Definition

  Gives meaning or explains a concept or term, or provides a satisfactory explanation of the meaning of a word
• Definition

  • Consists of three parts: the term or concept defined, the general class to which the term belongs, and the specific characteristics which sets it apart from all others of its class
• Methods of definition

  • Functions
  • Origin
  • Similar terms
• Compare and Contrast

  Explains the similarities and differences of two or more things
• Compare and Contrast

  • Comparison signal words: Similarly, likewise, just as, compared to, correspondingly

  Contrast signal words: Even though, unlike, however, in contrast, conversely, on the other hand
• Problem-Solution/Solving

  Organizes ideas into problems and offers solutions
• Cause and Effect

  Details why something happens, what causes it, what are the effects and how it is related to something else
• Claim of Fact


  A claim that can be proved to be true or false, rooted from a reliable source, and asserts details that existed, existing and will exist
• Claim of Value


  A claim that tries to prove that something is more or less acceptable, desirable, or better than others, and requires drawing judgment or evaluation
• Claim of Policy


  A claim that raises solutions to certain problems, usually uses the words should, must and ought to, and might depend upon a pre-set of laws, rules and policy
• Readers interact with the material through critical reading
• Critical Reading

  When you practice critical reading, you are not just gathering information; you are also judging the importance and legitimacy of the information you have gathered by judging the purpose, manner of presentation, and holistic development of the arguments presented in the text
• Explicit Information

  Information that was literally given or stated in the text, with no confusion
• Implicit Information

  Information that is only suggested/implied, not directly stated in the text
• Explicit Information

  • I LOVE YOU SO MUCH.