Inorganic Chemistry

• Reactivity is how easy for atoms to lose or gain electrons and therefore react.
• Lithium + Oxygen -> Lithium Oxide
• Sodium + Oxygen -> Sodium Oxide or Sodium Peroxide
• Potassium + Oxygen -> Potassium Peroxide or Potassium Superoxide
• What colour is fluorine?

  Yellow.
• Why is iodine both dangerous and life saving?

  It can form poisonous purple vapours but it is also used to make antiseptic.
• Argon = 1%
• Combustion of hydrogen leads to a pale blue flam, and the production of water vapour.
• Combustion of magnesium produces a white & bright flame, and MgO is an alkaline.
• Combustion of Sulfur produces a pale blue flame, SO2 is acidic when dissolved in water.
• Thermal decomposition of metal carbonate:

  CuCO3 is green. CuO is black.
• Reactivity series:

  1. P otassium
  2. S odium
  3. C alcium
  4. M agnesium
  5. A luminium
  6. C arbon
  7. Z inc
  8. I ron
  9. T in
  10. L ead
  11. H ydrogen
  12. C opper
  13. S ilver
  14. G old
• Corrosion is the process by which metals are slowly broken down by reacting with other substances in their environment.
• Iron + Water + Oxygen --> Hydrated Iron(III) Oxide
• Why are most ores oxides?

  Because oxygen is so abundant.
• Cryolite is used to lower the melting point of Aluminium Oxide.
• Rusting is a redox reaction. Iron loses electrons and Oxygen gains it.
• Calcium chloride removes water vapour from A.
• You boil water to remove all of the oxygen dissolved in it.
• In barrier methods is paint or oil used for moving parts?

  Oil/Grease
• In barrier methods is paint or oil used for big pieces?

  Paint
• Electroplating is the use of electrolysis to cover iron in thin layer of another metal.
• Sodium, Potassium, and Ammonium are always soluble.
• Nitrates are always soluble.
• Chlorides are always soluble except for Silver & Lead.
• Sulfates are always soluble except for Lead, Barium, and Calcium.
• Sodium, Potassium, and Ammonium are the ONLY soluble Carbonates and Hydroxides.
• Chloride bleaches damp blue litmus paper because the acidic solution produced is also an effective bleach.
• Testing chlorides has to be done in a fume cupboard because it is poisonous.
• To test for carbonates you first add dilute HCl and then run the gas produced through lime water, if it turns cloudy it is carbonate as it produces carbon dioxide.
• The test for sulfates is to first add dilute HCl to remove impurities and then add barium chloride, which will then form a white precipitate
• Hallides are tested using silver nitrate and impurities are removed using dilute nitric acid.
• Cl = White

  Br = Cream

  I = Yellow
• What are the two type of tests for cations?

  • Flame test
  • Reactions with Sodium Hydroxide
• In flame test you have to first dip platinum/nichrome wire loop in dilute HCl, and then rinse in distilled water, before heating over bunsen burner, you then dip Wire Loop into compound, and then hold to blue part of flame.
• Lithium + fire --> red
• Sodium + fire --> yellow
• Potassium + fire --> purple (lilac)
• Calcium + fire --> orange-red
• Copper + fire --> blue-green