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• Particle theory


  Explanation of what matter is made of and how it behaves
• The particle theory states that all matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving, attract each other, and have space between them
• Forms of matter


  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
• The particles are exactly the same in each state, for example ice (solid), water (liquid), and water vapour (gas) all contain water particles
• Solid


  State of matter with a definite volume and a definite shape
• Volume


  Measure of the quantity of space occupied by an object
• Liquid


  State of matter with a definite volume but no definite shape, takes the shape of its container
• Gas


  State of matter that does not have a definite volume or a definite shape, takes the shape and volume of its container
• Changes in state

  1. Heating causes matter to change from solid to liquid to gas

  2. Cooling causes matter to change from gas to liquid to solid
• When matter changes state, the particles stay the same, only the arrangement and movement of the particles change
• Pure substance

  Substance made of one type of particle
• Pure substance


  • White table sugar
• Mixture

  Made of two or more particles mixed together
• Mixtures can contain pure substances that are dangerous, like mercury and lead
• Mechanical mixture

  Mixture where you can see the different parts
• Solution


  Mixture of two or more kinds of particles where one kind dissolves into the other
• Solute


  The part that dissolves in a solution
• Solvent


  The part that the solute dissolves into in a solution
• In a solution, there is usually less solute than solvent
• Water is called the "universal solvent" because it dissolves more substances than any other solvent
• Gas solution

  Solution where both the solute and solvent are gases and they both go through the same process. but a bit different
• Concentrated solution


  Solution with a large number of solute particles
• Dilute solution

  Solution with a small number of solute particles
• Concentration

  Amount of solute present in a given volume of solution
• Saturated solution

  Solution in which no more solute can dissolve
• Unsaturated solution


  Solution in which more solute can be dissolved
• Solubility


  Measure of how much solute can dissolve in a certain solvent to form a saturated solution at a particular temperature and volume
• Particle theory


  Explanation of what matter is made of and how it behaves
• The particle theory states that all matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving, attract each other, and have space between them
• Forms of matter


  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
• The particles are exactly the same in each state, for example ice (solid), water (liquid), and water vapour (gas) all contain water particles
• Solid


  State of matter with a definite volume and a definite shape
• Volume


  Measure of the quantity of space occupied by an object
• Liquid


  State of matter with a definite volume but no definite shape, takes the shape of its container
• Gas


  State of matter that does not have a definite volume or a definite shape, takes the shape and volume of its container
• Particles of matter are close together

  The volume of liquids and solids does not change much
• Particles of matter are far apart

  The forces of attraction cannot hold the particles together, the volume of gases changes
• Changes in state


  1. Heating causes matter to change from solid to liquid to gas

  2. Cooling causes matter to change from gas to liquid to solid
• When matter changes state, the particles stay the same, only the arrangement and movement of the particles change
• Pure substance


  Substance made of one type of particle