biomolecs lecs

• biomolecules - also called biological molecules refers to any numerous substances that are produced by cells and living organism
• Carbohydrates - also includes sugar, starch, and cellulose
• carbohydrates - function to store energy and to provide shape to organism
• Mono = one

  Saccharides = sugar
• Di = two

  Saccharides = sugar
• Poly = three

  Saccharides = sugar
• Glucose - "blood sugar" is the immediate source of energy for cellular respiration. it is a moderately sweet sugar found in vegetables and fruits
• Galactose - not normally found in nature, but is mostly hydrolyzed from the disacchiaride lactose, which is found in milk
• Fructose - called the fruit sugar, fructose is found in fruits, honey, and the sole sugar in bull and human semen
• Lactose - the second most common double sugar and is found in milk. it is combinatiom of glucose and another small sugar called galactose
• Maltose - the third most double common sugar. it is not found in the foods that we eat. insted the body makes it when a person eats foods that contain starches such as potatoes and bread
• Sucrose - the most common double sugar that people eats in common foods. it is found in fruits, potatoes, pasta, breads, cereal and other common foods
• Starch - a storage polysaccharide in plants
• Glycogen - a highly brached storage polysaccharide in animals
• Cellulose - a structural polusaccharide in plants. is a major component of plant cell walls
• Chitin - a structural polysaccharide in fungi and animals. a important component of the exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans
• Polysaccharides - are carbohydrates formed by long chains of repeating units linked together by glocosidic bonds
• Function of carbohydrates

  1. provides QUICK energy to the body
  2. serves as FUEL and BUILDING materal
  3. it breaks down into microscopic molecules
• Dehydration Synthesis - Combining single compound into a complex one by removing water
• Hydrolysis - addition of water to a compound splits it
• Lipids - biolomecules that contain Hydrocarbons
• Lipids - contain hydrogen, carbon and oxygen atoms
• Lipids - compound are nonpolar molecules, which are soluble only in non polar solvents and insoluble in water
• non polar molecules are hydrphobic ( water fearing)
• 4 types of lipids?

  Phospholipids, triglycerides,
• number of fatty acids?

  4-36
• fromed by the joining of 3 fatty acids to a gylcerol backbone in a dehydration reaction?


  Triacylglycerol
• fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated
• examples of staurated fats

  • fatty meat
  • lard
  • beef tallow cheese
  • butter
  • coconut oil
  • palm oil
  • cocoa butter
  • cream
• example Unsaturated fats

  • olives
  • peanuts
  • canola oil
  • avocados
• saturaded fats is gen solid at room temp
• unsaturated fat is gen liquid at room temp
• 4 types of lipisds?

  Fats, phospholipids, steroids, waxes