Unit 9 Modules 74-78

• Social psychology


  Study the social influences that explain why the same person acts differently in different situations
• Attribution theory


  Theory that we can attribute someone's behavior by crediting the situation or their disposition
• Fundamental attribution error


  the tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

  (We attritube other people's behavior to disposition)
• Attitude


  Feelings often influenced by our beliefs that predispose us to act in a particular way to objects, people, and events

  (Belief: someone is threatening us —> action: defense)
• Peripheral Route Persuasion


  People are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speakers attractiveness — not influenced by the message itself
• Central Route Persuasion


  People are influenced bu arguments and respond with favorable thoughts
• Foot in the door phenomenon


  Tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to agree later with a larger request
• Role


  a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave
• Cognitive dissonance theory


  Leon Festinger

  Theory that we act to reduce discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts or our thoughts and behaviors are inconsistent
• Door in the face


  Refusing a large request increases the likelihood of agreeing to a second, smaller request
• Norms


  Understood rules for accepted and expected behavior
• Conformity


  adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard bc of real or imagined pressure to fit in
• Normative social influence


  Influence from persons desire to gain approval or avoid rejection
• Informational social influence


  Influence resulting from ones willingness to accept others opinions about reality
• Zimbardo

  Stanford Prison Experiment

  Roles
• Asch


  Conformity study

  1/3rd conformed to incorrect answer
• Milgram


  Obedience experiment

  Labcoat, prestigious institute, depersonalized victim, no role models increase obedience
• Social facilation


  the tendency for a person in a group will not put in as much effort if they are working in a group than if they were working alone
• Social loafing


  the tendency for a person in a group will not put in as much effort if they are working in a group than if they were working alone
• Deindividuation


  the tendency for a person in a group will not put in as much effort if they are working in a group than if they were working alone
• Group polarization


  Beliefs become stronger when discissed with likeminded people
• Groupthink


  the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.
• Prejudice


  Unjustifiable, usually negative attitude toward a group and its members
• Stereotype


  a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people.
• Discrimination


  unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members.
• Just world phenomenon


  Common idea that good is rewarded and evil is punished. Leads to assumption thwt thode suffering must. Be bad and those who succeed must be good
• Ingroup


  "Us"—people with whom we share a common identity.
• Out group


  "Them" — those percieved as different or apart from our Ingroup
• Ingroup bias


  Favoring of our own ingroup
• Scapegoat theory


  Theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
• Other race theory


  Tendnecy to recall faces of our own races more accurately than those of other races
• Bystander effect


  The larger the number of people who witness an emergency situation, the Less likely any pne of them is to intervene
• Aggression


  any physical or verbal behavior intended to harm someone physically or emotionally.
• Instrumental aggression


  Cold, premeditated

  Used as a means to some end
• Hostile aggression


  Has no clear purpose

  hot, impulsive behavior motivated by desire to hurt someone
• Frustration aggression principle


  the principle that frustration—the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal—creates anger, which can generate aggression.
• Social script


  a culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations.