Thermodynamics

• Thermodynamics


  Deals with the relationship between heat, work and matter
• Matter


  Anything that occupies space and has mass and volume
• Heat


  A process of transfer of energy/internal energy between the system and surroundings due to temperature difference from high temperature from low temperature. Part of internal energy.
• Internal Energy


  Can rise and decrease temperature, can change because of heat, sum of kinetic and potential energy found in the system
• System


  Part of the universe being studied which the attention is focused on (e.g. earth)
• Surrounding


  Everything else outside the system (e.g. outside of the earth)
• Types of System


  • Open system - one being transferred by both matter and energy occurs between a system and surroundings (e.g. people by producing carbon dioxide *gas* therefore you gave out matter to environment, earth)
  • Close System - only energy can be transferred between system and surrounding (e.g. refrigerator)
  • Isolated System - matter and energy cannot be transferred between system and surrounding (e.g. aquaflask)
• Law of Conservation


  Energy is neither created nor destroyed, energy is simply could be transferred from one point to another, from the system to surroundings or surroundings to system
• The sum of the energy in the system and internal energy in the surroundings are always constant
• Work


  Change of volume against the pressure, energy transferred between system and surrounding due to a force acting through a distance, can be done by the system and surroundings, work will not happen without presence of force
• Displacement


  Movement of object to one point to another due to the force acting on it
• Energy Transformation: 2 Kinds of Reactions

  • Endothermic Reaction - system absorbs heat from the surroundings, system is gaining energy, surrounding does work on the system (compress)
  • Exothermic Reaction - system releases heat to the surroundings, system is losing energy, system does work by the surrounding (expansion)
• Energy Transformation: 2 Kinds of Reactions

  Endothermic Reaction

  Exothermic Reaction
• Endothermic Reaction


  system absorbs heat from the surroundings
• Exothermic Reaction


  system releases heat to the surroundings
• + Q (heat)


  the system is gaining energy
• + W 


  surrounding does work on the system (compress)
• -Q


  the system is losing energy
• -W


  system does work by the surrounding (expansion)
• E


  Internal Energy
• +E


  system gain energy from surrounding
• -E


  system lost energy from surrounding
• Displacement

  movement of object to one point to another due to the force acting on it
• force alone cannot produce work because it need displacement