DNE: Lecture 4**

• Each child is unique and they all develop at their own pace
• As educators in ECE field, we need to be aware of the developmental milestones and use it as a guide
• Early intervention is important
• Factors affecting child development

  • Biological factors (child's developmental conditions)
  • Environmental factors (society, school, family)

  
• Developmental checklist - birth to five
• Screening tools to assess

  • Manding
  • Motor imitation
  • Independent play
  • Social play
  • Etc.
• Screening tools to assess

  • language
  • Academic
  • Self help
  • Motor skills
  • Other developmental disabilities
• Red flags of child development

  • 2 years: doesn't use common tools, doesn't use 2 word phrases
  • 3 years: unclear speech, doesn't have pretend play
  • 4 years: trouble scribbling, not interested in interactive games, resists dressing, can't recall story, doesn't understand same and different, mixes up me and you
  • 5 years: unusual emotions, withdrawn or not active, easily distracted, trouble focusing, trouble with recall, can't engage in self help skills
• Children's developmental conditions (by school age)

  • Learning and Cognition
  • Language ability
  • Gross and Fine Motor Skills
  • Attention
  • Behavior
  • Emotions
  • Social Skills

  
• Global delays


  Difficulty with academic subjects, fail to generalize, slow acquisition rate, individual guidance required
• Word learning


  Easily forget; slow acquisition rate, confusion of sounds, meanings, written form, difficulty in copying
• Difficulty in verbal comprehension

  Unable to follow long instructions, misunderstand meanings, unable to understand story
• Difficulty in verbal expressions

  Lack vocabulary, Incorrect grammar, unable to recall
• Articulation/Stuttering


  Difficulty in pronouncing certain sounds; stuttering
• Gross Motor Skills


  Weak muscle, slow GMS development, poor balance, poor coordination, slow acquisition rate in physical exercise
• Fine Motor Skill


  Write slowly or incorrectly, messy eater, clumsy in artwork, need assistance in self help skills
• Attention


  Difficulty concentrating in class (distractions, out of seat, off task), difficulty completing classwork (careless mistakes), difficulty staying on topic during discussions, forgetful or careless with belongings
• Behavior


  • Activity level: Out of seat, Fidgeting, excessive talking, Impatient, weak self-control
  • Oppositional behavior: easily irritated, noncompliant, irritate others intentionally
• Emotions


  • Tantrums: get attention, get access to items, escape work
  • Anxiety: cry easily, over worrisome, no appetite
  • Depression: lack interests, seldom talking, easily upset
• Communication skills


  Difficulty following conversations, unable to stay on topic
• Interpersonal skills


  Unable to understand social cues, facial expressions, hidden rules, tolerate losing