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• Union Executive


  Consists of the President, the Vice President, the Prime Minister, the council of ministers and the Attorney General of India
• President


  Head of the Indian State, first citizen of India, acts as the symbol of unity, integrity and solidarity of the nation
• Election of the President

  Elected by members of electoral college consisting of: 1) Elected members of both Houses of Parliament 2) Elected members of state legislative assemblies 3) Elected members of legislative assemblies of Union Territories of Delhi and Puducherry
• Qualifications for election as President

  • Citizen of India, completed 35 years of age, qualified for election as Lok Sabha member, does not hold any office of profit
• Term of President's Office

  5 years, can resign, can be removed by impeachment
• Impeachment of President


  Impeachment charges initiated by either House of Parliament, signed by 1/4 members, 14 days' notice, passed by 2/3 majority of both Houses
• Powers and Functions of the President

  • Executive powers, Legislative powers, Financial powers, Judicial powers, Diplomatic powers, Military powers, Emergency powers
• Vice-President


  Occupies the second highest office, elected indirectly by members of both Houses of Parliament
• Qualifications for election as Vice-President


  • Citizen of India, completed 35 years of age, qualified for election as Rajya Sabha member, does not hold any office of profit
• Term of Office (Vice President)

  5 years, can resign, can be removed by resolution passed by majority of Rajya Sabha members and agreed to by Lok Sabha
• Powers and Functions of the Vice-President


  • Acts as ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha, acts as President when vacancy occurs
• Prime Minister


  Head of the government, appointed by the President as leader of the majority party in Lok Sabha
• Powers and Functions of the Prime Minister


  • In relation to Council of Ministers, In relation to the President, In relation to Parliament, Other Powers & Functions
• Central Council of Ministers

  Consists of Cabinet ministers, Ministers of state, Deputy ministers
• Constitutional Status of Council of Ministers

  Article 74 - Council of Ministers to aid and advise President, Article 75 - Total number of ministers not to exceed 15% of Lok Sabha strength
• Attorney General of India

  Highest law officer, appointed by the President, must be a citizen of India and have experience as judge or advocate or eminent jurist, holds office during the pleasure of the President
• Duties and Functions of Attorney General

  • Advise Government of India on legal matters, Perform duties assigned by the President, Appear on behalf of Government of India in Supreme Court cases, Right to speak and take part in proceedings of both Houses of Parliament
• Parliament


  Legislative organ of the Union government, consists of the President, the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and the House of the People (Lok Sabha)
• Organisation/Composition of Parliament


  • Rajya Sabha (Upper House), Lok Sabha (Lower House)
• Rajya Sabha (Upper House)

  Maximum strength of 250, 238 representatives of states and union territories elected indirectly, 12 nominated by the President
• Lok Sabha


  Lower House (First Chamber or Popular House)
• Rajya Sabha


  Upper House (Second Chamber or House of Elders)
• The President of India is not a member of either House of Parliament, but is an integral part as a bill passed by both Houses cannot become law without the President's assent
• Rajya Sabha (Upper House)

  • Maximum strength of 250
  • 238 representatives of states and union territories (elected indirectly)
  • 12 members nominated by the President
• Representation of States in Rajya Sabha


  1. Representatives elected by the elected members of state legislative assemblies

  2. Seats allotted based on population
• Representation of Union Territories in Rajya Sabha


  Representatives indirectly elected by members of an electoral college
• Nominated Members of Rajya Sabha


  President nominates 12 members from people with special knowledge or practical experience in art, literature, science and social service
• Tenure of Rajya Sabha

  6 years
• Rajya Sabha is a continuing and permanent body, not subject to dissolution
• Lok Sabha (Lower House)

  • Maximum strength of 552
  • 530 representatives of states
  • 20 representatives of union territories
  • 2 members nominated by the President from the Anglo-Indian community
• Normal term of Lok Sabha

  5 years from the date of its first meeting after the general elections
• Representation of States in Lok Sabha


  Representatives directly elected by the people from the territorial constituencies in the states (Universal Adult Franchise)
• Representation of Union Territories in Lok Sabha


  Representatives chosen by the Parliament
• Nominated Members of Lok Sabha

  President can nominate 2 members from the Anglo-Indian community
• Qualifications for Membership of Parliament

  • Citizen of India
  • At least 30 years old for Rajya Sabha
  • At least 25 years old for Lok Sabha
  • Member of a scheduled caste or scheduled tribe if contesting a reserved seat
• Disqualifications for Membership of Parliament

  • Of unsound mind
  • Not a citizen of India or has voluntarily acquired citizenship of a foreign state
  • Disqualified under any law made by Parliament
  • Found guilty of election offences or corrupt practices
  • Convicted for any offence resulting in imprisonment for 2+ years
  • Dismissed from government service for corruption or disloyalty
• There is a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker for the Lok Sabha, and a Chairman and a Deputy Chairman for the Rajya Sabha
• The Speaker and Deputy Speaker are elected by the Lok Sabha from amongst its members
• The Chairman of the Rajya Sabha is the Vice-President of India (ex-officio)
• The Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha is elected by the Rajya Sabha itself from amongst its members