LESSON 2 - BOOK

• According to Johnson H.M., Values are general standards and may be regarded as higher order norms. Values is the basis of good living
• According to Worslay, values is the general conception of “the good”, ideas about the kind of ends that people should pursue throughout their lives and throughout the many different activities in which they engage.
• Values are bases of pleasant and peaceful living whereas you need to act according to what is right and what is accepted in the community where you belong.
• Values are cultural products as standards which men living in society win as prizes as having high importance.
• Laws cannot change social values
• Not all values are universal
• Positive Filipino Values

  • Respect your elders at all times
  • Maintain close family ties
  • Always trust in God
  • Practice Bayanihan
  • Be patient and optimistic
  • Having utang na loob
  • Practice pakikisama
  • Be hospitable
  • Be resourceful and creative
  • Respect Women
• Negative Filipino Values

  • Ningas-kugon
  • Crab mentality
  • Procrastination or Manana habit
  • Bahala or come what may habit
  • Hypocrisy (being a double-faced person)
  • Filipino time (tardiness)
  • Gossiping
  • Blaming others (irresponsibility)
  • Inconsideration (being thoughtless of others)
  • Ignoring or not following simple rules and instructions
  • Attention grabbing (being an eoal)
  • Being onion-skinned or too sensitive
  • Living beyond their means (social climbing)
  • Passivity (lack of leadership)
• According to Oxford dictionary, community is a group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristics in common.
• Filipino community is a place where Filipino people reside having common goal, aspirations, values, traits, and ideals.
• The Filipino community can be described as having a strong sense of family and community. They are very gregarious and like to talk and hang out with family and friends. They love to fool around, gossip, and make jokes and tease one another.
• Filipinos are happy-go-lucky people
• In the Filipino community, rumors spread quickly
• Positive traits of a Filipino community

  1. Strong religious faith
  2. Respect for authority
  3. High regard of self-esteem and smooth interpersonal relationships
  4. Adult-oriented
• The Filipino culture is a mix of both eastern and western culture.
• The beliefs and traditions of pre-colonial Philippines were mainly an indigenous Malay heritage (Baringer, 2006).
• The Malay temperament is a basic factor of a Filipino personality.
• The important role of family in Filipino culture stemmed from the strength of the Malay family clan that served as a strong security unit.
• When the Spaniards colonized the island, the Hispanic culture influenced the natives.
• Christianity became the dominant religion, and a western-based social and political organization was established in the Philippines.
• The Americans shaped the modern Filipino culture, and this is primarily influenced by the widespread use of the English language in the Philippines today.
• The brief occupation of the British and the Japanese, however, has no cultural influence in the Philippines at all.
• Factors that influenced the strengths and weaknesses of the Filipino character according to Dr. Patricia B. Licuanan


  • The home environment
  • The social environment
  • Culture and language
  • History
  • The educational system
  • Religion
  • The economic environment
  • The political environment
  • Mass media
  • Leadership and role models
• History


  Culprit behind our colonial mentality. Most Filipino elites are even more westernized and present-day media reinforced these colonial influences.
• The educational system


  Schools are high authoritarian. It's one of the sources of our passivity and conformity.
• Religion


  The Filipino is religious. Religion taught us optimism and resilience, however, it also instilled in us a fatalistic attitude (what is mean to happen will happen). Religious communities are also highly authoritarian, this further reinforced our being passive and a conformist.
• The home environment 


  Filipino children are taught to value family and give it primary importance.
• The social environment


  The dependence on relationships and the struggle for survival make Filipinos group-oriented.
• Culture and language


  Depict openness to foreign elements with no basic consciousness of our cultural core. Filipino colonial mentality is a manifestation of our attachment to foreign elements.
• The economic environment


  The hard life drove Filipinos to work hard and take risks, such as leaving our families to work abroad. This further developed our ability to survive.
• The political environment

  The political environment, government structures, and systems are fraught with problems. Political power is mainly in the hands of the elite. Absence of a strong government presence enhances the Filipino’s already extreme family centeredness.
• The economic and political environment are among the elements that have developed the culture of corruption in the Philippines
• Mass media


  Media is greatly based on American pop culture. The emphasis on the superiority of an imported brand or product through mass media is a part of a Filipino’s daily life.
• Leadership and role models


  Filipinos highly respect authority. When our leaders violate the law and when there is lack of accountability for leader who break the law, the Filipino mindset is hugely affected in a negative way.
• Strengths of the Filipino character:

  • Pakikipagkapwa-tao
  • Family orientation
  • Joy and humor
  • Flexibility, adaptability, and creativity
  • Hard work and industry
  • Faith and religiosity
  • Ability to survive
• Democracy is a government in which the supreme power is vested in and exercised by the people directly or indirectly through a system of representation, usually involving periodically held free elections.
• Features of democracy:

  • Democracy helps prevent cruel and vicious autocrats from ruling
  • It fosters human development more than other forms of government
  • Democracy helps protect fundamental individual rights and interests
  • Democratic societies provide people the maximum opportunity to take moral responsibility for their choices and decisions
  • Democratic societies offer a relatively high chance of political equality.
• The adjustment of individual awareness to the collective awareness is achieved through formal and informal ways.

  • The formal way refers to a system of ideas and models that are officially established (policies and laws)
  • The informal way refers to the acceptance of behaviors and thoughts that are not established as the formal way of interpersonal relations. Culture is an informal way of shaping collective awareness
• The idea of democracy originated in Ancient Greece over 2000 years ago
• Greece has always been labeled as the Cradle of Democracy