PT 2

• EXPOSURE - is defined as the situation of people, infrastructure, housing, production capacities and other tangible human assets located in hazard-prone areas.
• VULNERABILITY -  inability to resist a hazard or to respond when a disaster has occurred.
• PHYSICAL VULNERABILITY - may be determined by aspects such as population density levels
• AGRICULTURAL VULNERABILITY - depend on agriculture are particularly vulnerable to natural hazards and climate change.
• STRUCTURAL VULNERABILITY -  function of the location population and the built environment, along with its characteristics relative to the hazard captured in building codes and structural characteristics, such as elevation, roof type, or exterior cladding.
• SOCIAL VULNERABILTY - refers to the socioeconomic and demographic factors that affect the resilience of communities.
• Factors that affect vulnerability

  • Children
  • Senior citizen
  • Gender
  • Socioeconomic status
  • Education
• Gender


  • Those most affected by disasters are generally populations whose access to services are already limited - women and girls
• Socioeconomic status


  • Low income households that depend fully on natural resources for their livelihood are exposed to more frequent disasters and most vulnerable to financial losses incurred through floods and droughts
• Education


  • They can influence disaster vulnerability as the capacity to anticipate, cope with, resist, and recover from natural hazard in direct and indirect ways.
• DISASTER GOVERNANCE - an emerging concept in the disaster research literature that is closely related to risk governance and environmental governance.
• EXPOSURE - Refers to the elements at risk from a natural or man-made hazard event.