Clinical Psych

• Clinical Psychology


  Applied branch of psychology that seeks to understand, assess, and treat psychological conditions in the clinical settings
• Clinical Psychology


  • Focus on treatment, psychotherapy, and mental health of people
• Clinical Psychology utilizes the theories and concepts of psychology for future practices
• Abnormal Behavior


  When a person exhibits a psychological disorder that fulfills the 4Ds of Abnormal Behavior (Distress, Dysfunction, Deviance, Danger)
• Psychological Disorder


  Psychological dysfunction within an individual associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected
• Diagnosis


  Process of determining whether the problem afflicting an individual meets all the criteria for a psychological disorder
• Categorical Approach


  There is a systematic criteria wherein possible symptoms were compiled in a sentence, including the 4Ds and severity of disorder (Mild, Moderate, or Severe)
• Dimensional Approach


  Seeks if the disorder within the individual is present or absent
• Distress


  Either to self or to others
• Eustress


  Positive stress
• Distress


  Negative stress
• Distress


  • People with OCD are aware of what they're doing like frequent washing of hands and frequent use of sanitary alcohol, but they cannot stop themselves because they will be pulled out from that comfort
  • People with OCPD do not find this stressful because they know it's a part of their routine
• Dysfunction


  Breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning
• Dysfunction


  • A friend who is joyful, cheerful, and an achiever but one time, she changed. Tulala na lang lagi tapos wala nang pakialam sa schoolworks
• Dangerousness


  Creates potential harm to self (suicidal ideation) and others (excessive aggression)
• Dangerousness


  • People with PTSD na may reoccuring trauma; Schizophrenic na biglang nagkaroon ng grandiose delusion na kaya niyang lumipad
• Deviance


  Behavior that is atypical and not culturally accepted; behavior manifested is different from the cumulative
• Deviance


  • Cannibalism
• How to Deal with Psychological Disorders

  1. Clinical Description (signs and symptoms)

  2. Etiology (biological, psychological, social)

  3. Prevalence and Incidence

  4. Treatment and Outcome

  5. Course and Onset

  6. Prognosis
• Signs


  Objective; observable by people around the person
• Symptoms


  Subjective; perceived by the individual experiencing the disorder
• Etiology


  Answers the question why; causation; reasons for acquiring the disorder
• Etiology


  • Biological (genes, nutrition)
  • Psychological (emotions, behavior, thought-process, perception)
  • Social (environment, household, neighborhood, peers)
• Etiology


  • Client with Schizophrenia: Is there a family history of Schizophrenia? How does the individual process thoughts, emotions, criticisms, and resolve problems? Check the individual's environment inside and outside the home
• Prevalence


  How many from the population
• Prevalence


  • Depression is more prevalent in men than women
• Incidence


  How many new cases, in a given time; specific
• Incidence


  • There are 1,257 new cases of COVID-19 as of February 16
• Treatment and Outcome


  Choosing the appropriate intervention program
• Course


  Pattern of the Disorder
• Course


  • Chronic (frequent manifestations of signs and symptoms, e.g. MDD)
  • Episodic (seasonal, e.g. Schizophrenia)
  • Time-limited (the disorder will improve on its own in a relatively short period of time)
• Onset


  When did the disorder started
• Onset


  • Acute (rapid, sudden development)
  • Insidious (gradual development of the disorder)
• Prognosis


  Anticipated course of the disorder, either good or bad/guarded
• Historical Conceptions of Abnormal Behavior

  Supernatural Model, Biological Model, Psychological Model
• Supernatural Model


  Animistic View, Shamans, Trephination, Exorcism, Mass Hysteria, Emotion Contagion, Paracelsus
• Biological Model


  Hippocrates, Galen, Syphilis, Delusion, Hallucination, Louis Pasteur, John P. Grey
• Psychological Model


  Bedlam and Asylums, Moral Treatment, Philippe Pinel, Dorothea Dix
• One-Dimensional Approach


  Looking for a singular cause
• Multidimensional Approach


  Looking for a systemic cause, e.g. biopsychosocial