RE- cosmological

• Cosmological Argument

  Uses evidence from the world around us to prove the existance of god.

  inductive argument

  a posteriori argument
• Cosmological- Aquinas' 3 ways- 1 st way

  THE ARGUMENT FROM CHANGE

  All objects have the potentiol to change and become different in some way.

  E.g piece of marble, potentiol- statue

  Aquinas' example- wood has the potentiol to become hot.

  Believed there was a 3rd party needed to be involved.

  e.g sculptor needed to turn marble into statue.
• Cosmological - Aquinas' 3 ways - 1st way

  Argument from Change
• Argument from Change

  • All objects have the potential to change and become different in some way
  • Aquinas' example: wood has the potential to become hot
  • Believed a 3rd party was involved to actualise the 'efficient' cause
  • Universe had a beginning, there exists a series of things capable of causing movement
  • Needs to be a 1st mover responsible for the start of the process of movement
  • With no 1st mover, there wouldn't be a subsequent mover so the universe wouldn't exist today
  • 1st mover = unmoved mover
  • Unmoved mover = God
• aquinas' 2nd way- argument from cause


  Must be a first cause= God
• Aquinas' 2nd way- argument from cause

  must be a 1st cause= God

  domino example

  He related law of cause + effect to the universe. Chain of cause + effect that exists in the universe could not go back forever, had to be an ultimate start to the universe.

  Things cant cause themselves- must be an external cause to the universe.

  must be a 1st cause= god
• Aquinas' 3rd way

  Argument from contingency
• Everything around us consists contingently, everything has the possibility of not existing
• Everything will cease to exist at some point in time
• If everything around us = contingent, must have been a time nothing existed
• As things exist now and they can't cause themselves into existence, something must have caused these to exist
• God can't be contingent as then he'd need something to bring him into existence
• God


  Necessary existence
• God is incapable of not existing, incapable of being caused by anything
• God


  Unmoved mover, uncaused causer without whom nothing could exist
• cosmo- william lane craig kalam argument

  Everything has a cause= law of the universe. This cause= outside the universe and is a non-physical nature= god. Actual infinities cannot exist.

  e.g analogy of the library

  Infinate universe cannot exist as actual infinities dont exist. Universe has a cause, so needs an uncaused personal creator. Something caused the universe to exist and this cause= deliberate. Must exist a personal being outside the universe, thats beyond time, whos the first cause.
• Criticisms to inductive arguments -1

  EMPIRICAL OBJECTIONS - HUMES

  He says it fails to achieve its purpose. Lacked empirical evidence. Purely logical guess that god exists. He accepts its an a posteriori but says it has not 100% shown that god exists, its nothing more than an intellectual guess
• criticism - inductive - 2 


  CRITIQUE OF CAUSES- HUMES

  Just because everything has a cause doesnt mean we can apply it to things we dont know. Fallacy of composition- even though everything in the universe has a cause doesnt mean the universe in itself needs a cause. Maybe rules of cause and effect dont apply to the universe. Universe doesnt need a cause.
• Criticism to inductive- 3

  ABSENT DESIGNER

  Designer moves onto other projects.

  Human designers die, so maybe the designer god has done the same
• Challenge 1 - cosmo

  BIG BANG THEORY

  Violent explosion of very small agglomerations of extremely high density and tempreture.

  Universe formed naturally through laws of science.

  no need for causer god
• Challenge 2 - cosmo

  THEORY OF EVOLUTION

  Characteristics best suited for the environment went on to breed and survive.

  those not suited, died

  Took advantage of characteristics appearing through mutation