Lesson 1

• Phonetics - the study of the sounds of speech, including the way in which sounds are produced and the way in which sounds are combined to form words
• Phonetics - belongs to descriptive linguistics that does not only studies on particular language.
• Articulatory phonetics - the study of the articulation of speech sounds or the production of sounds.
• Acoustic phonetics - studies the physical transmission of sound from speaker to listener
• Auditory phonetics - studies how sound may have received or percepted.
• Phonology - the study of the sounds of language, including the way sounds are produced and the way they are combined to form words.
• Phonetics - study of speech sounds.
• Phonology - study of speech sounds used in a language.
• Phoneme - the smallest unit of sound that can be distinguished as a distinct sound.
• Phoneme - an ideal sound unit with a complete set of articulatory gestures.
• Phoneme - the basic theoretical unit for describing how speech conveys linguistic meaning.
• Types of Phonemes:

  • Vowels
  • Semi-vowels
  • Diphthongs
  • Consonants
• How many phonemes are there in English?

  Around 42 phonemes
• Phone - the actual sounds that are produced in speaking.
• Allophone - one of the set of multiple possible spoken sounds or phones used to pronounce a single phoneme in a particular language.
• Monophones - sequence of one phone
• Biphones - sequences of two phones.
• Triphones - sequences of three phones.
• Diphthong - a vowel sound that is made by combining two vowel sounds.
• Is the study of grammar, classification, and arrangement of the features of a language. Descriptive linguistics
• Is concerned with the physical properties of speech sounds, including their physiological production, acoustic properties, and auditory perception. Phonetics
• Is the system of contrastive relationship among the speech sounds that constitute the fundamental components of a language. Phonology
• Is the study of sounds, especially different patterns of sounds in different languages. Phonology
• It studies how sounds are combined together to form words and how sounds alternate in different languages. Phonology
• It studies the inventory of sounds and their features in a language and the pragmatics rules which specify how sounds interact with each other. Phonology
• Is involved in the history and theory of sound changes in a language or in two or more related languages. Phonology
• Is the study of abstract units and their relationships in a language. Phonemics
• PHONETIC SYMBOLS

  A) p sound

  B) b sound

  C) m sound

  D) f sound

  E) v sound

  F) soft th sound

  G) hard th sound

  H) sh sound

  I) zh sound

  J) t sound

  K) d sound

  L) n sound

  M) s sound

  N) z sound

  O) ch sound

  P) j sound

  Q) wh sound

  R) k sound

  S) g sound

  T) ng sound

  U) h sound

  V) l sound

  W) r sound

  X) y sound

  Y) w sound

  Z) long i sound

  [) ey sound

  \) long u sound

  ]) short a sound

  ^) stressed short a sound

  _) ay sound

  `) oy sound

  a) short i sound

  b) short e sound

  c) short u sound

  d) long o sound

  e) short a sound

  f) aw sound

  g) short unstressed a sound