1- Intro to Psych

• Autism


  marked by especially abnormal or impaired development in social interactions, and difficulties in communication. (Hiding to avoid people, not making eye contact, not wanting to be touched, grave problems in developing spoken language or in initiating conversations)
• Autistic


  characterized by having very few activities and interests, spending long periods repeating the same behaviors (hand flapping), or following the same rituals
• 2-3 years old


  according to APA at what age does autism usually appear?
• Savants


  high-functioning autistic, small percentage of autistics because they have incredible math skills, spatial abilities, music talent, or near picture-perfect memory
• Test Anxiety


  combination of physiological, emotional, and cognitive components that are caused by the stress of taking an exam and may interfere with one's concentration, planning, and academic performance
• Anxiety


  emotion- a feeling of worry or nervousness about what might happen in the future
• Fear


  response to a situation that feels threatening or dangerous.
• Psychology


  is the systematic, scientific study of behaviors and mental processes.
• Behaviors


  observable actions or responses in both humans and animals. (Speaking, Eating, laughing, running, reading, and sleeping.)
• Mental Processes


  not directly observable and is complex. (Thinking, imagining, studying, and dreaming
• Describe, Explain, Predict, and Change/Control


  4 goals of psychology
• Describe


  first goal of psychology that describes the different ways an organism behaves
• Explain


  second goal of psychology that explain the causes of behavior. understand why people behave and think the way they do.
• Stimulus


  something that makes you respond or react in a certain way
• Predict


  third goal in psychology that is able to predict future behaviors and how organisms will behave in certain situations.
• Change/Control


  fourth goal of psychology that aims to control an individuals' behavior
• Positive


  effect in change/control when psychologists help learn to control undesirable behaviors by teaching better methods of self-control and ways to deal

  with situations and relationships
• Negative


  effect in change/control that concerns how psychologists might control people’s behaviors without their knowledge or consent
• Biological, Cognitive, Behavioral, Psychoanalytic, Humanistic, and Cross-cultural


  Modern Approaches to understand behaviors
• Biological Approach


  examines how our genes, hormones, and nervous system interact with our environments to influence learning, personality, memory, motivation, emotions, and other traits and abilities.
• Cognitive Approach


  focuses on how we process, store, and use information and how this information influences what we attend to, perceive, learn, remember, believe, and feel.
• Behavioral Approach


  analyzes how organisms learn new behaviors or modify existing ones, depending on whether events in their environments reward or punish these behaviors
• Psychoanalytic Approach


  belief that childhood experiences greatly influence the development of later personality traits and psychological problems. It also stresses the influence of unconscious fears, desires, and motivations on thoughts and behaviors
• Humanistic Approach


  emphasizes that each individual has great freedom in directing his or her future, a large capacity for achieving personal growth, a considerable amount of intrinsic worth, and enormous potential for self-fulfillment.
• Cross-Cultural Approach


  the influence of cultural and ethnic similarities and differences on psychological and social functioning.
• Biological Approach


  Our bodies influence how we act and think.
• Cognitive Approach


  How does our thinking affect what we do?
• Behavioral Approach


  Our actions are shaped by what happens to us.
• Psychoanalytic Approach


  What happened to us in the past affects how we are now.
• Humanistic Approach


  How can we become the best version of ourselves?
• Cross-Cultural Approach


  Different cultures shape how we see the world and ourselves.
• Evolutionary Approach


  recent modern approach emerges out of evolutionary theory. It studies how evolutionary ideas, such as adaptation and natural selection, explain human behaviors and mental processes
• Eclectic Approach


  instead of using one of the seven approaches, many of today's psychologists use this approach which means they use different approaches to study the same behavior.
• Structuralism, Functionalism, Gestalt Approach, and Behaviorism


  Historical Approaches to understand behavior
• Wilhem Wundt


  Father of Psychology
• Structuralism


  study of the most basic elements, primarily sensations and perceptions, that make up our conscious mental experiences.
• Structuralism


  Understanding the parts of the mind
• Wilhem Wundt


  He established the first psychology lab
• 1979


  year that Wilhem Wundt established the first psychology lab
• Leipzig, Germany


  Where did the first psychology lab happened?