Mapeh

• Romantic Opera


  Opera that emphasizes emotional revelation, expressive harmonies, leitmotif, and equality between vocal and instrumental elements
• Opera


  A stage presentation that combines music, costumes, and scenery to relay a story, generally sung with no spoken lines
• Characteristics of Romantic Opera

  • Melody - poetic in nature, long, and lyrical with irregular phrases
  • Harmony - expanded with more dissonant chords with more modularity
  • Rhythm - frequently changing the tempo and time signature
  • Instrument - used modified versions of instruments from orchestra
  • Spectacle - Grand opera spectacle was as important as the music
• Components of Opera


  • Libretto - the script of an opera
  • Text - sung by the artists in operas
  • Music - highlights the intensity of the situation and the characters' passion and feelings
  • Stages - a place where visual effects are added and big machinery
• Singing styles developed for opera

  • Recitative - imitating the pattern and rhythm of speech
  • Aria - when a character expresses feelings through a flowing melody
  • Bel Canto - Italian for "Beautiful singing"
  • Castrato - young boys castrated before puberty to avoid deepening of voice
• National styles of opera

  • France
  • Germany
  • Italy
• Comic Opera


  Also known as light opera, it tackles light, not so delicate subject matter where the ending often has a happy resolution
• Serious Opera


  Also known as opera seria in Italy and referred to as Neopolitan opera, often the story revolves around heroes and myths, and Bel canto is a highlight
• Opera Semiseria


  It has a serious story but has a happy ending, a combination of elements from both comic and serious opera
• Opera Comique


  A French opera wherein instead of singing, the lines are spoken, in its early form it was satirical
• Grand Opera


  Emerged in Paris in the 19th century, an opera of a larger scale with flamboyant costumes, choruses, and ballet
• Opera Verismo


  Italian for "realism", characters were based on everyday people and the plot is often melodramatic
• English Renaissance theatre


  Theatres of England between 1562 and 1642, the playhouses were generally built with timber and plaster and were three stories high
• The troupe of this era rarely acted the same play two days in a row, and female parts were played by adolescent boy players in women's costume</b>
• Genres of English Renaissance theatre


  • History play - depicted English or European history
• Costumes were often bright in color, visually entrancing, and expensive, used to recognize the characters
• Stage Lighting


  From 19th century theatres lit by candles and oil lamps, it slowly adopted gas lighting to provide illumination for the house or stage
• Scenic Design


  Often used a two dimensional scenic backdrop to three dimensional sets, early 19th century saw the innovation of the moving panorama
• Badminton


  A racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net, invented in Greece and Egypt, developed in British India from an earlier game called battledore & shuttlecock
• Rules of Badminton


  • Court - rectangular in shape divided into halves by a net
  • Serving - the shuttlecock must pass over the short service line on the opposite court or it will count as a fault
  • Scoring - the game is played to 21 points, with players scoring a point whenever they win a rally
  • Let - if a Let is called, the rally stops and replayed with no change to the score
  • Shuttlecock - a high drag projectile with an open conical shape
• Types of Intentional Injuries

  • Kidnapping and Abduction
  • Domestic Violence
  • Homicide
  • Suicide
  • Bullying
  • Stalking
  • Acts of Terror
  • Fraternity Violence
  • Gang and Youth Violence