Lesson 3

• Majors aspects of Speech production:

  • The Airstream mechanism
  • The state of the Vocal Cords
  • The state of the Velum
  • The place and manner of articulation
• The Airstream mechanism - where the air is used in speech starts from, and which direction it is travelling to.
• The state of the Vocal Cords - whether or not the vocal cords are vibrating, which determines voicing.
• The state of the Velum - whether it is raised or lowered, which determines whether a sound is oral or nasal.
• The Place and Manner of Articulation - the horizontal and vertical positions of the tongue and the lips.
• The Vocal Tract and Articulatory Organs:

  A) Oral cavity

  B) Nasal cavity

  C) Lips (labial)

  D) Upper lip

  E) Lower lip

  F) Teeth (dental)

  G) Alveolar ridge (alveolar)

  H) Palate (palatal)

  I) Velum (velar)

  J) Uvula (uvular)

  K) Pharynx (pharyngeal)

  L) Tongue tip

  M) Tingue blade

  N) Tongue front

  O) Tongue back

  P) Tongue body

  Q) Tongue root

  
• Vocal Tract Organs (2):

  A) Upper lip

  B) Teeth

  C) Lower lip

  D) Alveolar ridge

  E) Nasal cavity

  F) Palate

  G) Oral cavity

  H) Tongue'

  I) Epiglottis

  J) Velum

  K) Uvula

  L) Pharynx wall

  M) Larynx

  N) Trachea

  O) Lungs

  
• 6 Types of Airstream mechanism:

  • Pulmonic Egressive
  • Pulmonic Ingressive
  • Velaric Egressive
  • Velaric Ingressive
  • Glottalic Egressive
  • Glottalic Ingressive
• Pulmon- it means lungs
• Egressive - it means outwards
• Ingressive - it means inwards
• 4 types of Vocal Cords:

  • Open Glottis
  • Narrowed Vocal Cords
  • Closed Glottis
  • Creaky Voice Aperture
• Places of Articulation:

  A) bilabial

  B) lower lip

  C) upper lip

  D) labiodental

  E) lower lip

  F) upper teeth

  G) dental

  H) tongue tip or blade

  I) upper teeth

  J) alveoler

  K) tongue tip or blade

  L) alveolar ridge

  M) retroflex

  N) curled tongue tip

  O) area immediately behind alveolar ridge

  P) palato-alveolar

  Q) tongue blade

  R) area immediately behind alveolar ridge

  S) palatal

  T) tongue front

  U) hard palate

  V) velar

  W) tongue back

  X) velum

  Y) uvular

  Z) tongue back

  [) uvula

  \) pharyngeal

  ]) tongue root

  ^) pharynx wall

  _) glottal

  `) vocal cords

  a) vocal cords