health 4

• Disease


  A particular abnormal condition and disorder of structure or function that affects part of an organism
• Categories of disease

  • Communicable disease
  • Non-communicable disease
• Communicable disease


  Caused by pathogen or disease-causing organisms and can be transmitted from one person to another or from animals to people
• Examples of communicable diseases

  • Common cold
  • Influenza
  • Cholera
  • Dengue fever
  • Tuberculosis
  • Warts
• Non-communicable disease (NCD)


  Cannot be transmitted from one person to another, many are caused by unhealthy lifestyle, some do not cause problems until the person is quite old
• Examples of non-communicable diseases

  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Cancer
  • Diabetes
• Nature of non-communicable diseases


  • Not caused by pathogens or disease-causing organisms, but rather by how people live, by the conditions with which they are born or by the hazards around them
  • Includes diseases caused by a breakdown of the body tissues (degenerative diseases), poor diet, environment and occupational hazards, stress, and tension
• Common non-communicable diseases

  • Allergy
  • Asthma
  • Cardiovascular diseases
  • Arthritis
  • Cancer
  • Diabetes
  • Renal Failure
• Allergy


  A misguided reaction to foreign substance by the immune system, where the foreign substances are usually harmless
• Cardiovascular diseases


  Diseases of the heart and blood vessels, including heart diseases and vascular diseases
• Types of heart diseases

  • Congenital heart disease
  • Congestive heart failure
  • Arrhythmia
  • Rheumatic heart
  • Myocardial infaction
• Types of vascular diseases

  • Arteriosclerosis
  • Hypertension or high blood pressure
  • Stroke
  • Aneurysm
• Arthritis


  Inflammation of the joints, usually occurring during old age
• Types of arthritis


  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Osteoarthritis
• Asthma


  A chronic lung disorder that causes airways to become inflamed, swollen and produce thick mucus, with the muscles surrounding the airways tending to tighten
• Cancer


  Caused by abnormal cells growing without control, forming tumors that can be either benign (not cancerous) or malignant (cancerous and can spread)
• Most common cancers


  • Skin
  • Colon and rectum
  • Lungs
  • Breast
  • Reproductive organ
  • Bone marrow (leukemia and lymphoma)
• Diabetes


  A disease that prevents the body from converting food into energy, due to either little or no insulin produced by the pancreas, or failure of the insulin to function normally
• Types of diabetes


  • Type I Diabetes
  • Type II Diabetes
• Rheumatoid arthritis


  An autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks healthy cells, leading to pain, swelling and deformity in many joints
• Osteoarthritis


  A disease of older people, resulting from the wear and tear of joints, especially the hands, hips, knees, and spine
• Renal failure


  Determined by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate, the rate at which blood is filtered in the kidneys, leading to problems like increased fluid, acid, potassium, phosphate, and decreased calcium, as well as anemia and bone health issues
• Arrhythmia


  Condition in which the heart beats with an irregular or abnormal rhythm
• Rheumatic heart diseases


  Active or inactive disease of the heart that results from rheumatic fever and that is characterized by reduced functional capacity of the heart caused by inflammatory changes in myocardium or scarring of the valves
• Myocardial infarction (heart attack)


  Occurs when the heart muscle tissue dies from lack of oxygen because of reduced blood flow. Heart attack is fatal when the large part of the heart is affected
• Arteriosclerosis


  A group of vascular diseases characterized by thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls
• Atherosclerosis


  A form of arteriosclerosis. It occurs when a fatty substance such as cholesterol is deposited on the walls of the arteries, making the vessels hard, narrow, and less elastic
• Hypertension or high blood pressure


  Occurs when blood pressure is higher than normal
• Stroke


  Occurs when a clot blocks a small blood vessel in the brain, thus brain cells die from lack of oxygen
• Aneurysm


  An excessive localized enlargement of an artery caused by a weakening of the artery wall
• Benign


  Cells that are not cancerous
• Malignant


  Cells that are cancerous
• Most common cancers


  • Skin
  • Colon and rectum
  • Lungs
  • Breast
  • Reproductive organ
  • Bone marrow (leukemia and lymphoma)
• 95% of treated persons with the most common cancer recovered
• About half of treated persons with the second most common cancer live for 5 years or longer after treatment
• Only about 10% of treated patients with the third most common cancer lived
• About 70% of treated females with the fourth most common cancer recovered
• More than 60% of patients with the fifth most common cancer recovered
• About 85% of treated patients with the sixth most common cancer lived; rate of cures improving for leukemia; rate for lymphoma is 90%
• Type I Diabetes


  The result of little or no insulin produced by pancreas. This can be due to a defective immune system which attacks the cells that produce insulin