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Cards (25)
Weather:
Short-term
day to day
changes
in the
atmosphere
in a place.
Climate: The
average
weather conditions in a particular
area
over a
long
period of time.
Stevenson Screen:
Double roof to
protect
from sun's
heat.
Painted
white
to reflect sun's
heat.
Raised
110 cm
above
ground
to
avoid effects
of
ground surface.
Slated sides to allow
entry
of
air.
Wood not metal, as metal conducts
heat.
Sited in
open
space to avoid external
influences
e.g. heat from
buildings.
Inside a Stevenson Screen:
Sometimes a
barometer
- air pressure.
Wet-and-dry bulb thermometer - indicates the
humidity
of the
air.
Maximum - minimum
thermometer
- records the
max
and
min
temp.
Advantages of using digital instruments:
Greater
accuracy.
Human
errors are removed.
More
exact readings.
Automatic
recording.
Instant
analysis.
Record cloud types:
Choose same
times
during the day over a period of one
week.
Observe of several
times
each
day.
Identify
cloud types
using
shape
of
clouds.
Estimate
cover.
Record
names
of cloud types in a
table
/chart.
Record
clouds
in
eights.
Wet-and-dry bulb thermometer:
Measures humidity
Read off
wet
and
dry
bulb temps.
Use relative humidity
table
/chart.
Work out
difference
between the
two.
Read off figure at
intersection
of dry bulb and wet bulb depression
figures.
Barometer: Measures
air pressure
in
millibars.
Max/min thermometer: displays the
maximum
and
minimum
temperatures of the day
Wet/dry bulb thermometer: measures
humidity.
Rain gauge: Measures
rainfall.
Should only be placed on
grass.
Main features; rain gauge:
On
grass
, to avoid splashes entering the gauge.
Part buried to prevent
evaporation
and
stability.
No
trees
overhanging to prevent drips entering the gauge.
Away from
buildings
to avoid too little rain entering.
Stand
vertically
upright to keep the correct
diameter.
The height of the
water
in the
small
cylinder measured.
Cloud cover:
The amount of
sunshine
reaching the
ground
depends on the amount and
duration
of any
cloud cover.
Given in units called
oktas.
Each
okta
represents
one eigth
of the sky covered by
cloud.
Heliograph:
Records the amount of
sunshine
at a given location.
Burns a
timeline.
Traces sunshine not hours of
daylight.
The
ball focuses
the light and
burns
a line onto the
cord.
Wind vane: checks
direction
of wind.
Anemometer: measures
wind
speed
in mph/kph or m/s.
Why should an anemometer be on the roof?
If higher up, no
interference
from trees and buildings.
It will not be
sheltered
,
ground
may be sheltered by buildings.
On the roof it cannot be
damaged
by people.
Results will be
accurate.
No
wind chanelling.
Westerly wind: blows from
west
to
east.
Cirrus clouds:
Found in
high
atmosphere - usually over
5,500
metres.
Common
throughout the world.
Thin
and
wispy
in appearance.
Move fairly
quickly.
Stratus clouds:
Low level - below
2,000m
and sometimes reaching
ground.
Usually
grey
and move
fast.
Can produce
light rain
and
snow.
Cumulonimbus clouds:
Large clouds up to
10
km high and across.
They resemble a giant
cauliflower.
Produce rain,
thunder
and
lightening.
Usually found in
spring
and
summer.
Cumulus clouds:
Fairly low clouds with bottom between
600
m and
1,200
m.
Looks like lumps of
cotton wool.
Can produce
light rain.
Individual clouds have a
short life cycle.
Relief rain: Rain that falls on the
ground
and is absorbed by the
soil.
Frontal rain: Rain that falls in a
straight line
from the
front
of a
storm.
Convectional rain: Rain that is formed when
warm air rises
and
cools
, causing
water vapour
to
condense.