Midterms

• Forward integration


  A vertical integration strategy where a firm gains control over distributors
• Backward integration


  A vertical integration strategy where a firm gains control over suppliers
• Integration Strategies

  Forward integration, backward integration, and horizontal integration are sometimes collectively referred to as vertical integration strategies. Vertical integration strategies allow a firm to gain control over distributors, suppliers, and/or competitors.
• Horizontal integration


  A vertical integration strategy where a firm gains control over competitors
• Vertical integration strategies


  • Forward integration
  • Backward integration
  • Horizontal integration
• Vertical integration strategies


  • Allow a firm to gain control over distributors, suppliers, and/or competitors
• Intensive Strategies

  Market penetration, market development, and product development are sometimes referred to as intensive strategies because they require intensive efforts if a firm's competitive position with existing products is to improve.
• Defensive Strategies

  In addition to integrative, intensive, and diversification strategies, organizations also could pursue retrenchment, divestiture, or liquidation.
• Chair of the Board (COB)


  Head of the Board of Directors, elected by the board, at the top of the organization's hierarchy, tasked with making big-picture decisions, leading the organization's executives and establishing the corporate culture of the company
• Sometimes, the board will elect the CEO as the COB

  As a show of faith
• CEO


  Chief Executive Officer, in charge of overseeing the entire executive team, often known as the C-level executives, makes major decisions that impact the growth and success of the company, oversees operations, resources and day-to-day functions of the business, often chosen by the board of directors and shareholders, can also be the founder or business owner at smaller ventures
• COO

  Chief Operating Officer, also called the "Vice President of Operations"
• COO


  • Manages the day-to-day administration of the organization
  • Often acts as the right-hand man or woman to the CEO
  • Could oversee production, sales, marketing, human resources or all of the above
  • In some firms, the COO job is to be internally focused, while the CEO is externally focused
  • In other firms, the COO's mission is focused on a specific business need
• CFO


  Chief Financial Officer
• CFO


  • In charge of the business's finances
  • Responsible for financial reporting
  • Oversees the capital structure of the company
  • Decides where to invest small business earnings
  • Responsible for financial forecasting, budget preparation and overseeing debt repayment
• In some firms, the COO job is to be internally focused, while the CEO is externally focused.
• CTO


  Chief Technology Officer, the person in charge of research, development and technology at the company
• 
  

  To make things more complicated, some companies prefer to use "President" instead of COO. "The president of a company is often the same position as a COO of a company," wrote Indeed. "They report directly to the CEO and work closely with them to provide the organization with strategy, vision and financial management."

  Often, a president is more hands-on than a COO, but it depends on the size of the company and the particular industry.
• Other C-suite titles


  • CMO: Chief Marketing Officer
  • CIO: Chief Information Officer
  • CCO: Chief Commercial Officer
  • CHO: Chief Human Resources Officer
• CIO


  Primarily concerned with the business's technology tools and platforms
• CMO


  Chief Marketing Officer, the person in charge of the business's marketing and advertising activities
• CTO


  In charge of strategic planning and using technology and innovation to boost revenue
• CIO


  Chief Information Officer, the person in charge of the business's information technology and data security
• Vice president


  Ranks directly below the C-suite executives or just under the president level
• CCO


  Chief Content Officer, works with the CMO to oversee content and channel optimization, brand consistency, segmentation and analytics
• CCO


  Chief Commercial Officer, sometimes known as the Chief Business Officer (CBO), the person in charge of the business's sales team, strategy and success
• Vice president


  • Title is usually specialized to a particular area of expertise
  • There could be different levels within the vice president role (Executive VP, Senior VP, VP, Associate VP)
  • Position is considered middle management, as they deal with specific aspects of running the company and directly managing the workforce
• Directors and managers


  • Director of Operations
  • Directors (except Director of Operations)
  • Managers
• The C-suite leaders are considered the highest level of the organization (unless there is a Board of Directors)
• Vice presidents either rank directly below the C-suite executives or just under the president level
• CHO

  Chief Human Resources Officer, sometimes known as the Chief Talent Officer, the person in charge of the business's human resources and recruiting teams
• Vice President - this title is usually specialized to a particular area of expertise: e.g., Vice President of Marketing, or Executive Vice President of Recruiting
• Other executive job titles close to the same level as C-level positions

  • President
  • Partner
  • Chair
  • Superintendent
• Directors and managers (except Director of Operations)


  • Sit directly under the vice president level
  • Directly work with teams, partners and individuals to keep the business running
• There could be different levels within the vice president role, too: starting with Executive Vice President at the top, followed by Senior Vice President, Vice President and Associate Vice President
• Managers


  • Responsible for leading employees to be productive
  • Aligning day-to-day tasks with business objectives
  • Serving customers across a variety of business operations
• Vice President - This position is considered middle management, as women and men in this role deal with specific aspects of running the company and directly managing the workforce
• Director

  Some companies ask the managers to report to directors who are specialized in a particular business area (e.g., the Director of Human Resources oversees the HR manager)

• Director of Operations


  • Responsible for the profitability and growth of the company
  • Collaborate across departments to improve processes and break down business silos
  • Report directly to the COO, if the company has one
  • Can cover the responsibilities of a COO if the organization doesn't have that particular role
• Diversification Strategies

  There are two general types of diversification strategies: related and unrelated. Businesses are said to be related when their value chains posses competitively valuable cross-business strategic fits; businesses are said to be unrelated when their value chains are so dissimilar that no competitively valuable cross-business relationships exist.