Nervous system

• what are the sections of brain?

  sagittal, coronal, transverse
• what are the 3 main functions of NS?

  sensory, integrative, motor
• what is the role of the sensory function?

  detect external and internal changes
• what are the integrative functions?

  Analyse and makes decision based on voluntary and involuntary responses
• what are the motor functions?

  Initiates motor movement and glandular secretions
• what is the cerebrum?

  largest part of the brain.  It contains the cerebral cortex and subcortical regions
• What is the cerebullum?

  located in the posterior region of the brain, it is mainly responsible for balance and coordination
• what is the brain stem?

  contains the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. It communicates with the PNS to control involuntary processes such as breathing and heart rate. 
• what is the ridge of the cerebrum called?

  Gyrus
• what are grooves in the cerebrum called?

  Sulcus
• what is white matter?

  White matter is the tissue in the central nervous system that contains nerve fibers, which are responsible for transmitting signals between different parts of the brain and spinal cord.
• what is cerebrum separated into?

  2 hemispheres connected by a large fibre bundle called corpus callosum
• what is the outer layer of the cerebrum composed of?

  cerebral cortex
• what are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex?

  Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
• what is the frontal lobe?

  higher cognitive functions, such decision-making and problem-solving. It is also responsible for some features of language and voluntary movement
• what is the parietal lobe?

  integrates information from the visual pathway, coordinates motor movement and interpretation of sensory information
• what is the temporal lobe?

  interpreting speech and hearing, object recognition and emotion
• what is the occipital lobe?

  processing primary visual information
• what is in the subcortical region?

  The limbic system
• what is in the limbic system?

  Amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus and basal ganglia
• what is the role of the subcortical region?

  Emotions, memory, motor movement and processing sensory information
• what is in the midbrain?


  Colliculi, tegmentum and cerebral peduncle
• what is the role of midbrain?


  Serves as a connection between brain stem and subcortical regions
• what is the role of colliculi?


  direct eye movement towards objects of interest
• what is the tegmentum?

  coordination of movement, alertness/sleep
• what is the cerebral preduncle?

  control of ocular muscle
• what are the types of vertebra?

  cervical

  thoracic

  lumbar

  sacral
• where does the PNS form?

  nerves that branch off from the spinal cord
• what is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?

  Fight or flight response
• what does the interaction of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system maintain?

  homeostasis
• what brings energy to the brain?

  peripheral nervous system
• what is the afferent pathway?

  Carry sensory information from the periphery up to the brain via ascending nerve tracts
• what is the efferent pathway?

  Brain sends signals down to peripheral nerves along efferent descending nerve tracts to control motor output
• Describe the leg jerk response

  Sensory afferents in the knee sends information to the dorsal column of the spinal cord. These afferents synapse onto interneurons within spinal cords
• • When the knee is hit, sensory afferents in the knee send information to the dorsal column of the spinal cord.  These afferents synapse onto interneurons within the spinal cord 
  • The interneurons send information to the muscles of the legs via efferents nerve that originate in the ventral horn
  • The efferent fibers communicate with the muscles, causing them to contract, resulting in a jerk of the leg
  • This reflex arc occurs without input from the brain
• what are the cells of CNS?

  neurons, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes
• what are the structural classification of neuron?

  Bipolar, unipolar, multipolar
• what is bipolar neuron?

  1 main dendrite and 1 axon (in eye)
• what are unipolar neuron?

  Just 1 process from the cell body, part way down the axon, (sensory neuron)
• what are multipolar neurons? Many dendrites and 1 axon Most neurons in the CNS