ENG 018 (linguistics)

• Speech sound


  Phonetics deals with the sounds of spoken language, how they are made, classified and combined, and how they are perceived
• Phonology


  Deals with the system and pattern of speech sounds
• Morphology


  Deals with the internal structure of words, not just sounds but with its formation
• Syntax


  Concerned with the ways in which words are organized into sentences and to be understood
• Semantics


  Deals with the meaning of language, including connotative or denotative meaning
• Pragmatics


  Deals with the ways the meaning of an utterance may be influenced by the speaker or hearer to interpret within the context
• Elements of language(SPMSSP)

  • Speech sound
  • Phonology
  • Morphology
  • Syntax
  • Semantics
  • Pragmatics
• Language is arbitrary, meaning there is no inherent connection between the nature of things or concepts the language deals with and how those things and concepts are expressed
• There has been just a single language on the planet
• Language is a social phenomenon 


  exists in our human society, a means of nourishing and developing culture and establishing human relations
• Language is a symbolic system 


  • It consisting of different types of sound symbols and their graphological partners that are utilized to give a few objects, occurrences or significance
  • The words in a language are not just patterns or images but symbols that denote meaning
  • The core value of a language sometimes relies on the true explanation of these symbols
• Language is systematic 


  • It has an arrangement of plans and systems, including phonological and syntactic systems, and within a system, there are several subsystems like plural, of attitude, or perspective, of tense, etc.
• Language is vocal, verbal and sound


  • It is a system of vocal and verbal symbolism, comprising vocal sounds created by a physiological articulatory component in the human body
  • Writing can be considered as an intelligent platform to represent vocal sounds, the graphic representation of the speech sounds of the language
• Language is non instructive, conventional 


  • Language is non instructive, conventional the result of evolution and tradition, transmitted from one generation to the nextnsmitted from one generation to the next
  • It is acquired naturally by us
• Language is productive and creative 


  • It has efficiency and innovativeness, the ability to create new expressions that neither the speaker nor the listeners may have made or heard previously
  • It changes according to the needs of society, has the power of productivity and creativity
• Language


  A system of communication thoughts, deseres, emotions, plings
• Language is strong, convenient and the best form of communication
• It is through language that we humans express our thoughts, desires, emotions and feelings
• We can interact with each other easily through the welfare of language
• Language is the best system of communication around the world
• Vowels

  A voice
• Consonant Is Voiceless
• Human language is open-minded, extendable and modifiable on the other hand animal language is not
• Language should be modifiable through time to time
• No species other than humans have been endowed with language
• Language is naturally human and in some cases, structurally complex and modifiable
• Language


  Unique, complex and modifiable -peculiantic and distinctive +taturs
• Language has its own creativity and productivity
• Despite their common features and language universals, each language has its peculiarities and distinctive features
• Language has its own potentiality to be unique, complex and modifiable by the change of time and culture
• Language is a broad term simply referring to human pattemed verbal behavior in general
• Language is not a set of specific rules for generating speech
• Language is not another word for a dialect
• Language does not refer to once vocabulary
• Phonetics


  A branch of linguistics that focuses on the production and classification of the world's speech sounds
• Production of speech


  • Interaction of different vocal organs, for example the lips, tongue and teeth, to produce particular sounds
• Types of study of the sounds of language

  • Acoustic Phonetics (study of the physical properties of sounds)
  • Auditory Phonetics (study of how listeners perceive the sounds)
  • Articulatory Phonetics (study of how the vocal tracts produce the sounds, made and articulated)
• International Phonetics Alphabet (IPA)


  Symbols used to represent all sounds of all human languages
• The discrepancy between spelling and sounds led to the formation of the International Phonetics Alphabet (IPA)
• The symbols used in the IPA can be used to represent all sounds of all human languages