Science (bio)

• Biomolecules are known as macromolecules
• biomolecules are large organic compounds that make up all living organisms
• carbohydrates is monosaccharide
• Proteins are amino acids
• Lipids are glycerol and fatty acids
• nucleic acids are nucleotide
• carbohydrates is the primary source of energy (glucose) for the human body
• carbohydrates are composed of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
• carbohydrates is also known as saccharide
• monosaccharide includes, glucose, galactose, and fructose
• It used in dextrose for blood sugar - glucose
• it used in milk and milk products - galactose
• used in honey and fruits - fructose
• disaccharide includes, maltose, lactose, and sucrose
• maltose is glucose plus glucose and it is found in malt
• sucrose is glucose plus fructose that is found in regular table sugar, sugarcane
• lactose is glucose plus galactose and found in milk and milk products
• polysaccharides are, glycogen, cellulose and starch
• starch/amylose are storage form of glucose in plants
• glycogen are storage form of glucose in animals, found in liver and muscles
• cellulose are structural material in plants cell wall and cannot be digested by humans
• LIPIDS or FATS Are large group of substances also found in living organisms.
• lipids are composed of, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
• lipids are classified by triglycerides and phospholipids
• lipids ofr fats are insoluble in water
• fat and oil are composed of glycerol and 3 fatty acids
• fat is a solid triglyceride and is saturated
• oil is a liquid triglycerides and is unsaturated
• proteins is made up of amino acids
• amino acids is the building block of proteins
• proteins is composed of, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
• protein - keratin, fibroin, collagen
• Keratin is structural protein found in hair, skin and nails.
• Fibroin/silk protein is one of the strongest fibers that have high resistance to deformation
• Collagen found in connective tissues (tendons, ligaments, skin, cartilage and cornea.)
• Myoglobin stores oxygen in the muscles; contains heme group.
• Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions
• lipase digestion of fats.
• pepsin breakdown proteins into smaller units
• sucrase digestion of sugars and starches