8. nazi culture

• The Nazis increased family allowances and reduced tax corresponding to the number of children in a family.
• In 1933 Financial incentives for women to leave work and marry (marriage loans) introduced
• In 1933 Jewish people were excluded form jobs in the civil service.
• On 1 April 1933, the Nazi regime organised a boycott of Jewish goods. The SA positioned themselves in front of shops of Jewish owners.
• In 1933 the Reich Chamber of Culture was established.
• The Ministry of Enlightenment and Propaganda was set up under Goebbels in 1933.
• Book burnings were organised by Goebbels in 1933.
• Hitler personally supported the Bayreuth Festival of Wagner's music.
• The National Socialist Women's League membership rose to 1.5 million by 1934.
• In 1933, 15 per cent of teachers lost their jobs and 19,000 female civil servants were sacked. Women were barred from professional jobs and only 10% of university places were for women.
• The Nuremburg Race Laws were introduced in 1935.
• Youth camps and rallies were very popular e.g. 100,000 attended the Nuremburg Youth Rally in 1935.
• Students were forced to join the Nazi German Students' League.
• In 1938 Himmler issued new policy on the 'Gypsy Plague'
• Families with 6 or more children paid no income tax.
• By 1936, there were 150 mother schools with over 1,000 teachers. More than 670,000 students attended in 1936.
• Nazi agricultural policy led to a decline in farm incomes and striped women of their right to inherit. Female farm labourers worked the longest hours of any group. Farming population's birth rate dropped.
• Himmler told SS officers to marry women with Reich Sports medals.
• In June 1933 interest free loans of RM600 were made available to young women who left work.
• From 1936 the NSF promoted female participation in munitions work.
• The law for the encouragement of marriage passed in July 1933 provided a RM 1,000 loan to newly weds. 1/4 of the loan was written off after the first child.
• The ABC of national socialism was published in 1933 to set the characteristics of the ideal Nazi woman.
• Make was discouraged, lipstick, hair dye or eyebrow plucking was considered oriental and decadent.
• Nazi propaganda said that women should not smoke or drink as this would lead to infertility.
• Houses of Beauty were established by the DAF, they reamined in place until 1943.
• Between 1937 and 1939 female unemployment roe from 5,7 million to 7.1 million and increased from 31% to 33% of the workforce.
• In 1937 the Nazi passed a law that all unmarried women had to do a 'duty year' of work in agriculture or factories. The marriage law was phased out from 1937.
• In 1939 unmarried women under 25 were ordered to complete agricultural labour.
• In 1943 heavy war casualties led to the conscription for women aged 17-45.
• The morals police carried out mass arrests of women suspected of sex work. In the first two months after the Reichstag Fire 3,200 women were arrested in Hamburg alone.
• Despite prostitution remaining legal, by December 1933 1,500women were serving prison sentences.
• The proportion of women in the work force rose from about 1/3 to over 1/2.
• The proportion of women in farm work increased from 55% in 1939 to 67% in 1944. A further 95,000 women would work during the harvests.
• In 1939, industrial women dropped due to the cull of textile industries.
• Pay incentives as well as crèches and breastfeed breaks were introduced.
• Poles were driven out to make way for 200,000 German Settlers. Women were employed to clear, clean and decorate Polish farms so Germans could move in.
• Women were sent as teachers and nurses, they viewed themselves as cultural missionaries.
• The Nazis discouraged relations with polish women and instead encouraged soldiers to have relations with German Women.
• Women enlisted as air raid wardens to protect their community.
• Nazi women's groups set up 'field kitchens' to feed the survivors of the bombings.