EXECUTIVE

• Topics


  • Executive Title
  • Executive Origin
  • Executive Survival
  • Executive Cabinet Authority
  • Executive Integration into the Legislature
• Five Dimensions


  • Executive title
  • Executive origin
  • Executive survival
  • Executive cabinet authority
  • Executive integration into the legislature
• Executive title


  The chief executive is invariably called President
• President as "CHIEF EXECUTIVE"


  • Not a legislative leader with membership in Congress
  • Executive power: power to administer laws
• Executive origin


  How the chief executive is selected or how the chief executive office is filled
• The president is directly elected by popular vote for a fixed term of office
• Qualification of the President and Vice President

  • Natural-born citizen
  • Registered voter
  • Able to read and write
  • At least 40 years of age on the day of the election
  • A resident of the Philippines for at least 10 years
• Election of the President and Vice-President

  1. System of direct voting

  2. Election by Congress in case of ties

  3. Vote of a majority of all the members of Congress in session assembled
• Term of office


  • 6 years for both
  • Noon on the 30th day of June
  • Office: an institutional unit of government
  • Term: matter of time, a person may hold the office
• Executive survival


  Refers to how the chief executive is changed or replaced. It deals with the conditions necessary for an incumbent chief executive to stay in office or survive
• The president survives separately from the assembly
• Reelection


  • President is absolutely disqualified for reelection
  • Vice president cannot serve for more than two successive terms
  • They can be elected to a lower position
• When Vice-President shall act as President

  1. The president-elect fails to qualify

  2. The president shall not have been chosen

  3. Temporary inability or incapacity of the president to discharge his powers and duties

  4. At the beginning of the term, the president-elect died or became permanently disabled

  5. After assumption of office, in case of death, permanent disability, removal from office, or resignation of the president
• Presidents that are replaced by the Vice President

  • Quezon was replaced by Osmena (death because of tuberculosis)
  • Roxas was replaced by Quirino (death because of a heart attack)
  • Magsaysay was replaced by Garcia (death because of a plane crash)
  • Estrada was replaced by Macapagal Arroyo (impeachment or resignation)
• Executive Cabinet Authority


  • The power to appoint and dismiss is vested in the directly elected president alone
  • The Commission on Appointments (CA), composed of legislators, has the authority to confirm or reject presidential appointments
  • Power of Control over All Executive Departments, Bureaus, and Offices
  • Power of Appointment: Choose men of competence and confidence
  • Power of Removal: may weed out incapable and dishonest officials
• Executive Integration into Legislature

  • The chief executive always has certain prerogatives that allow him or her to participate in legislative work and be integrated into the legislature and legislation
  • Certify bills as urgent
  • Exclusively prepare and submit the annual national budget to the legislature for deliberation and enactment
  • Call special legislative sessions
  • Address Congress and propose a legislative agenda
• Treaty


  • A compact made between two or more states
  • Create binding rights and obligations
  • May be bilateral or multilateral
  • Known as a pact, convention, or charter
• Steps in Treaty Making

  1. Negotiation: The president has the sole authority

  2. Approval or Ratification: 2/3 of all the members of the senate
• Budgetary Power


  • President to prepare the budget of receipts and expenditures
  • Based on existing and proposed revenue measures and other sources of financing
  • Submitting it to Congress within 30 days
• Prerogative to Address and Appear Before Congress


  • After the opening of its regular sessions
  • Given information on the "state of the nation,"
  • Recommend measures and proposals
• Military Power for the President


  • Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces
  • Powers to meet emergency situations
  • Three extraordinary remedies or measures: Call out the armed forces, Suspend the Writ of Habeas Corpus' Previlage, Declare Martial Law
• Three extraordinary remedies or measures

  • Call out the armed forces
  • Suspend the Writ of Habeas Corpus' Previlage
  • Declare Martial Law
• Reprieve


  Postponement of the execution of a death sentence to a certain date
• Remission


  Prevents the collection of fines or the confiscation of forfeited property
• Amnesty


  An act granting oblivion or a general pardon for a past offense
• Commutation


  Reduction of the sentence imposed to a lesser punishment
• who is the commander in chief of the armed forces of the Philippines?

  The president
• Power of removal 


  may weed out incapable and dishonest officials
• power of the president to choose men of competence and confidence

  Power of appointment