LAA Psychology

• health


  a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
• biomedical model


  a perspective that explains illness solely in terms of biological factors
• biopsychosocial model


  a model of health that integrates the effects of biological, behavioral, and social factors on health and illness
• health as a continuum


  health/ill health are two extremes with many in-between states
• stressors


  events that cause a stress reaction
• percieved ability to cope


  how well person believes they can cope with a stressor
• factors that contribute to addiction

  mental disorders, peer pressure, a lack of family involvement, highly addictive drugs
• addiction


  a mental health disorder in which a person takes a substance or engages in a behaviour that is pleasurable but eventually becomes compulsive
• physiological addiction


  a dependency that causes withdrawal, tolerance or both in which the body itself feels a direct need for a drug
• substance addiction


  an intoxicating, stimulating or narcotic material
• behavioural addiction


  an activity or a behaviour that is maladaptive and persistent despite the negative consequences
• tolerance


  a progressive decrease in a person's responsiveness to a drug.
• withdrawal


  the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior
• relapse


  a falling back into an old illness or bad habit
• conflict (addiction)


  addictive behaviour creates both intra and interpersonal conflict
• mood alteration


  addictive behaviour creates both positive and negative feelings
• genetic predisposition


  an inherited genetic pattern that makes one susceptible to a certain disease
• inhibitory neurotransmitters


  relieve/remove negative feelings
• excitatory neurotransmitters


  provide postive feelings
• social learning theory in health


  imitation of healthy and unhealthy behaviour
• cognitive dissonance


  an unpleasant state that arises when a person recognizes the inconsistency of their actions, attitudes, or beliefs
• professional bias


  healthcare professionals that diagnose and give medical advice are influenced by bias
• types of biases


  racial, gender, age, weight, social class, sexuality, etc.
• reinforcement in health


  healthy and unhealthy behaviour becomes associated with cues, and behaviours are reinforced
• health-belief model


  model for explaining how beliefs may influence behaviors
• perceived seriousness


  one's opinion of how serious a condition and its consequences are
• perceived susceptibility


  an individual's assessment of their chances of getting the disease
• cost-benefit analysis


  a decision-making process in which you compare what you will sacrifice and gain by a specific action
• perceived benefits


  the positive outcomes a person believes will result from the action
• perceived barriers


  potential negative consequences of changing the behavior
• modifying factors


  something that makes a symptom better or worse
• cue to action


  a construct of the health belief model that motivates a person to act. can be both internal or external.
• self-efficacy


  a person's belief in their own ability to complete a task
• locus of control


  a belief about the amount of control a person has over situations in their life
• attributions


  people's explanations for why events or actions occur
• theory of planned behaviour


  personal and social factors influencing intention to engage in a behaviour
• outcome expectancy


  a judgment about how likely a specific behavior is to attain a specific goal
• mastery experiences


  direct success increases self-efficacy; failure lowers it
• vicarious reinforcement


  learning that occurs by observing the reinforcement or punishment of another person, typically a role model
• social persuasion


  persuasion by respected people can provide a temporary boost in self-efficacy