Dietary supplements

• It is made from foods, herbs and their constituents are a rapidly growing market sector.

  Dietary supplements
• are not permitted to be marketed for the purpose of treating, diagnosing, preventing, or curing diseases.

  Supplements
• may describe the role of a nutrient or dietary ingredient intended to affect the normal structure or function of the human body, for example, "calcium builds strong bones."

  structure/function claims
• commonly used on food labels, either refer to the amount of a nutrient in a product or compare the levels of a nutrient in that food to a similar reference food.

  Nutrient content claims
• relationship between a specific food product or ingredient and a reduced risk of disease or a health condition.

  Health claims
• These include a claim that the product: has effect on a disease or a symptom of a disease; is a substitute for a drug; or has a role in the body's response to a disease

  Health claim
• a method of healing in which minute amounts of a substance that causes symptoms in a health person are given to a sick person to cure the same symptoms.

  Homeopathy
• based on his theory that large doses of drugs that cause the symptoms of a disease will cure the symptoms when administered in small doses.

  “like cure like”

  Dr. Samuel christian friedrich hahnemann
• A substance that cause vomiting when used full strength is thought to cure nausea when used in a very low concentration.
• Testimonials and other anecdotal evidence are insufficient to substantiate a claim.

  • energy boosting

  • controls blood sugar in persons with insufficient insulin

  • ease stress

  • maintains a healthy body and mind

  • maintains healthy lungs in smokers

  • clinically proven to prevent hair loss

  • shrinks tumors

  • Promotes cardiovascular health

  • supports the immune system

  • Helps maintain blood pressure in normal range
• FDA does not guarantee the strength, purity and safety of dietary supplement in the USA., but the responsibility of the manufacturer.

  safety and purity
• “ Herb is natural” does not mean it has no harmful effects in the body.
• REQUIREMENT OF HERBAL SUPPLEMENTS

  Labeling

  Nutrient Content Claims

  Structure and Function Claims

  Health claims
• COMPONENTS OF EVIDENCE-BASED INTEGRATIVE CARE

  Assess the patient

  Ask clinical questions

  Acquire the best evidence

  Appraise the evidence

  Apply the evidence to patient care
• are supplemental fluids used in intravenous therapy to restore or maintain normal fluid volume and electrolyte balance when the oral route is not possible.

  Intravenous fluids
• an efficient and effective way of supplying fluids directly into the intravascular fluid compartment, in replacing electrolyte losses, and in administering medications and blood products.


  IV fluid therapy
• have the same concentration of solutes as blood plasma.

  isotonic IV
• have lesser concentration of solutes than plasma.

  Hypotonic IV
• have greater concentration of solutes than plasma.

  Hypertonic IV
• a crystalloid isotonic IV fluid that contains water, sodium, and chloride .

  normal saline solution 0.9% nacl
• It is called normal saline solution because the percentage of sodium chloride dissolved in the solution is similar to the usual concentration of sodium and chloride in the intravascular space.
• the isotonic solution of choice for expanding the ECF volume because it does not enter the ICF.

  normal saline
• Normal saline is used alongside the administration of blood products.
• used to replace large sodium losses such as in burn injuries and trauma.
• normal saline should not be used for heart failure, pulmonary edema, and renal impairment, or conditions that cause sodium retention as it may risk fluid volume overload.
• initially an isotonic solution and provides free water when dextrose metabollizd
• liter of D5W provides fewer than 200 kcal and contains 50g of glucose
• It is administered to supply water.

  It should not be used for fluid resuscitation

  because hyperglycemia can result.

  It should also be avoided to be used in clients at risk for increased intracranial pressure as it can cause cerebral edema
• Lactated Ringer’s Solution also known as?

  hartmann solution
• also known as Hartmann solution

  Lactated ringers solution
• It is a crystalloid isotonic IV fluid designed to be the near- physiological solution of balanced electrolytes.

  Lactated ringers solution
• It is the most physiologically adaptable fluid because its electrolyte content is most closely related to the composition of the body’s blood serum and plasma.

  PLRS
• contain fewer solutes than plasma.

  Hypotonic IV
• They cause fluid shifts from the ECF into the ICF to achieve homeostasis, therefore, causing cells to swell and may even rupture.
• also known as half normal saline, is a hypotonic IV solution used for replacing water in patients who have hypovolemia with hypernatremia( high sodium).

  Sodium chloride 0.45%
• sodium chloride 0.45% also known as?

  Half normal saline
• excess used of nacl 0.45% may lead to?

  hyponatremia
• is used to allow kidneys to retain the needed amounts of water.

  0.33% sodium chloride solution
• have a greater concentration of solutes than plasma

  Cause fluids to move out of the cells and into the ECF in order to normalize the concentration

  Hypertonic IV
• hypertonic may causes cells to what?

  shrink