Building blocks

• Atoms are made up of a nucleus formed by protons and neutrons, and electrons that orbit the nucleus.
• Atoms form bonds so the atoms of these elements are able to have full outer shells and become stable.
• A covalent bond is formed when when two non-metal atoms form a bond by sharing pairs of electrons.
• Simple covalent structures are molecules that contain only a few atoms. They have low melting and boiling points.
• Covalent bonds in simple covalent structures are strong but bonds between these molecules are weak and easy to break.
• The prefixes are mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, poly.
• A monomer is one of many small molecules that combine to form a

  larger one (polymer).
• A polymer large molecule made up of small repeating units

  (monomers).
• Carbohydrates monomer is monosaccharide and polymer polysaccharide. Proteins monomer is amino acid and polymer is proteins and polypeptide. Lipids monomer is fatty acid and polymer is triglycerides. Nucleic acids monomer is nucleotide and polymer is DNA.
• Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but

  different structural formula.
• Hydrolysis is breaking down polymer bonds by using water into a monomer.
• A condensation reaction joins monomers by chemical bonds and it involves the elimination of a water molecule.
• An inorganic ion is an ion that does not contain carbon and is found in the cytoplasm on body fluids of organisms.
• A cation is a positively charged ion, and an anion is a negatively charged ion.