DRRR Lesson Week 1-2

• The Philippines has experienced from an inexhaustible number of deadly earthquakes, volcano eruptions, and other natural disasters.
• This is due to its location along the Ring of Fire, a large Pacific Ocean region where many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur
• A serious disruption in the functioning of the community or a society causing widespread material, economic, social or environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected society to cope using its own resources

  disaster
• Disaster


  A sudden, calamitous occurrence that causes great harm, injury, destruction, and devastation to life and property
• Impacts of Disaster

  • Medical effects
  • Damage to critical facilities
  • Disruption of transportation
  • Economic impact
  • Global environmental change
  • Social and political impact
• Republic Act 10121 was passed and approved on May 27, 2010 after 21 years of revisions and refiling in the two legislative bodies
• republic act 10121 “An Act Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System, Providing for the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan, Appropriating Funds, Therefore and Other Purposes”
• Hazard


  A dangerous condition or event, that threat or have the potential for causing injury to life or damage to property or the environment
• Classification of Hazard

  • Natural
  • Man-made
• Natural Hazards

  • Geological hazards
  • Hydrometeorological hazards
• Man-made Hazards

  • Biological hazards
  • Technological hazards
  • Socio-natural hazards
  • Socio-political hazards
• Risk Factors

  • Severity of exposure
  • Gender and Family
  • Age
  • Economic status of country
• Climate change can increase disaster risk in a variety of ways - by altering the frequency and intensity of hazards events, affecting vulnerability to hazards, and changing exposure patterns
• Environmental degradation can influence the frequency and intensity of hazards, as well as our exposure and vulnerability to these hazards
• Globalized economic development results in an increased polarization between the rich and poor on a global scale
• Poverty and inequality mean impoverished people are more likely to live in hazard-exposed areas and are less able to invest in risk-reducing measures
• Poorly planned and managed urban development can lead to creation of risk, especially when urbanization is rapid, poorly planned and occurring in a context of widespread poverty
• Weak governance zones are investment environments in which public sector actors are unable or unwilling to assume their roles and responsibilities in protecting rights, providing basic services and public services. Disaster risk is disproportionately concentrated in lower-income countries with weak governance.
• Disaster risk governance


  The specific arrangements that societies put in place to manage their disaster risk within a broader context of risk governance
• On December 16, 2019, Taal Volcano erupted, spewing ash into the sky and forcing thousands of residents to flee their homes. The eruption lasted several days and resulted in significant damage to infrastructure and crops.
• The term disaster owes its origin to the French word “Desastre” which is a combination of two words ‘des’ meaning bad and ‘aster’ meaning star.
• The medical effects of disasters include traumatic injuries, emotional stress, epidemic diseases, and indigenous diseases.
• Widespread disasters can destroy or damage facilities that may be critical not only in maintaining a safe environment and public order, but also in responding to disaster. Among these are communication installations, electrical generating and transmission facilities, hospitals, water facilities and other public and private buildings.

  damage to critical facilities
• During the initial stages of disaster, almost all surface means of transportation within a community are disrupted by broken bridges and roads and streets that are rendered impassable by landslide or floods.

  disruption of transportation
• As a result of the destruction and damage to critical facilities, especially to transportation and communication facilities, disasters disrupt economies as normal business operations and other economic activities are reduced. People must also leave their jobs and devote their time to disaster-related activities, such as search and rescue, or to caring survivors.

  economic impact
• There is increasing evidence of global climatic change brought about by both human activity and disasters. Although the long range consequences are hard to predict, more severe cyclonic storms, an increase in both flooding and drought. The changes could result in a wide range of more hazards such as wildfires and mudslides, reduced productivity in the oceans, and weakened immune systems of people and animals.

  global environmental change
• As a large segment of the population in developing countries consists the poor, who are the most vulnerable whenever a disaster strikes, these countries are the most affected. The poor are the most prone to disasters like earthquakes and typhoons because of the structures they live in which are unreinforced and poorly built.

  social and political impact
• The word ‘hazard’ owes its origin to the word ‘hasard’ in old French and ‘az-zahr’ in Arabic meaning ‘chance’ or ‘luck’. Hazards can be grouped into two broad categories namely natural and man-made.
• Natural hazards are hazards which are caused because of natural phenomena Hazards with meteorological, Geological or even, Biological origin.
• Man-made hazards are hazards which are due to human negligence. Manmade hazards are associated with: Industries or Energy generation facilities and include explosions, Leakage of toxic waste, Pollution, Dam failure, Wars or civil strife etc.
• Geological hazards occur on Earth's crust. These hazards pose a threat to life and property. These could be caused by, but not limited to, earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis.
• Hydrometeorological hazards could be atmospheric, hydrological, or oceanographic in nature. They could potentially cause loss of life and damage to property, and disrupt normal living conditions and provision for services. Ex. Storm surges, thyphoons, tornadoes, etc.
• Biological hazards refer to threat from viruses or bacteria, medical waste, microbiological samples, or toxic chemicals of biological origin that can cause harm to human life.
• Technological hazards can be industrial in origin. They may be results from accidents, collapsed structures, and explosions in the industries.
• Socio-natural hazards are the result of the interaction of a natural hazard with overexploited land or other environmental resources.
• Socio-political hazards refers to the possibility of social unrest, nationalistic rhetoric, riots, demonstrations, or small-scale terrorist movements.  
• Risk Factors are processes or conditions, often development-related, that influence the level of disaster risk by increasing levels of exposure and vulnerability reducing capacity.
• Severity of exposure - which measures those who experience disaster first-hand which has the highest risk of developing future mental problems followed by those in contact with the victims such as rescue workers and health care practitioners and the lowest risk are those most distant like those who have awareness of the disaster only through news.
• Gender and Family - the female gender suffers more adverse effects. This worsens when children are present at home. Marital relationships are placed under strain.
• Age - adults in the age range of 40-60 are more stressed after disasters but in general, children exhibit more stress after disasters than adults do.