PURCOM (CAS101)

• Logistics - It is something basic or essential for every speaker to know who is organizing the event
• Prosodic Features - When you speak, aim at delivering your message clearly through intelligible and comprehensive pronounciation
• Finally, note that successful communication depends on prosodic features such as intonation, tone, stress, and rhythm.
• Presenting in groups - Planning is one of the essence so that your presentation is coherent and does not become fragmented.
• Ethical considerations - a set of constructs that guide our decision making by providing standards of behavior telling us how we ought to act
• Stage fright or performance anxiety, is a state of anxiety or fear which occurs when an individual is faced with the requirement of performing infront of an audience
• Skills in debate

  • Listening
  • Writing
• Types of debates

  1. Formal debate
  2. informal debate
• The team who presents first is called the affirmative side while the other team is known as the negative side
• An explanation essay aims to clarify a concept, process, or phenomenon to the reader in a clear and understandable manner
• The purpose of an explanation essay is to provide a clear and detailed explanation of the chosen topic
• What are the structures of explanation essay

  • Introduction
  • Body paragraphs
  • Conclusion
  • Reference (if applicable)
• Blog - A website that is updated frequently and is usually written in a conversational style.
• 5 types of blog

  1. personal blog
  2. business corporate blog
  3. affiliate blog
  4. Niche blogs
  5. news blog
• The essay you are writing is argumentative. This means you are expected to present a clear stand on an issue that has two different sides
• Doing research for an essay involves gathering information and evidence to support your ideas.
• Three types of notes:

  1. Paraphrase
  2. summary
  3. direct quotations
• Paraphrasing is done when you use your own words in taking down notes.
• Summary - of the information provided in the source is long
• Quotations - You may also copy the note verbatim or exactly as it is presented in the source if your wish to preserve the source. For whatever type of note you make, it is expected that you cite the source.
• Thesis statement - This is the main point or central argument of your paper
• the outline - choosing a side that you agree on
• The essay - after your have completed all the pre writing tasks
• Body Paragraphs - These are the paragraphs where you present your arguments and evidence supporting them.
• F. Sott fitzerland An American novelist, who once wrote about the beauty of literature
• Short story analysis - Looks critically at a work of fiction in order to understand how the parts contribute to the whole.
• Character development - observable step by step changes in the character throughout the narrative
• Types of character

  • Protagonist
  • Antagonist
  • Static
  • Dynamic
• Types of character

  • Protagonist
  • Antagonist
  • Static
  • Dynamic
• Symbols - can be a setting, object, character, or event in a story that carries more than the literal meaning and therefore represents something significant to understanding the meaning of a work literature
• Literature and history are fascinating subjects that provide insights into different cultures, societies, and time periods
• • Literature as a reflection of historical context
  • Literature as a catalyst for change
  • Literature as a source of identity and cultural heritage
• Literary criticism - often referred to as "lenses", are the different perspectives we can consider in analyzing or interpreting a text
• Six major approaches of literary criticism

  1. Structuralist/formalist approach
  2. Historical approach
  3. Moralist approach
  4. feminist approach
  5. readers response approach
  6. Marxist approach
• Structuralist/formalist approach - Holds that the true meaning of a text can be determined only bu analyzing the literary elements of the text and by understanding how these elements work together to form up a cohesive whole
• Historical approach - involves the understanding of the historical and cultural conditions that influence the production of the literary work
• Psycho-analytical approach - analyzing a literary work through the lens of a psychological theory, exploring characters motivations, behaviors, and the author's psychological influences
• Feminist approach - focuses on female representation in literature, paying attention to female points of view, concerns, and values
• Reader-response approach - Argues that the meaning of a text is dependent upon the readers response to it
• Marxist approach - Examines the relationship of a literary product to the actual economic and social reality of its time and place