Science

• The function of the digestive system is digestion, the breakdown of organic compounds into their simple forms for use by the cells.
• INGESTION is the first process that happens in digestive system. It is the journey of taking in food or any substance into the body through the mouth.
• DIGESTION is the second process involved in digestive system. It is the process that involves break down of large food molecules into smaller molecules for easy absorption of the cells.
• the teeth cut, crush, and break it apart into tiny pieces while the tongue helps mix food with saliva secreted by the salivary glands forming into a moist ball called bolus so it can be easily swallowed.
• The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. The walls of this organ contract rhythmically to push food along its length toward the stomach.
• The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. The walls of this organ contract rhythmically to push food along its length toward the stomach.
• The stomach is an enlargement of the alimentary canal where most chemical digestion occurs. Food is mixed with gastric juice containing hydrochloric acid which kills bacteria and activates pepsinogen (enzyme) to form pepsin. Pepsin breaks proteins into amino acids.
• The liver produces bile which emulsifies fats making them more accessible to lipase. Bile also neutralizes excess HCl from the stomach.
• The stomach is an enlargement at the end of the esophagus where food is stored until it is ready to move on to the small intestine. This organ secretes hydrochloric acid (HCl) which kills bacteria and other microorganisms present in the food.
• The liver produces bile, a fluid that emulsifies fats and neutralizes acids from the stomach. Bile also contains bilirubin, a waste product produced when red blood cells are broken down.
• The liver produces bile, a fluid that emulsifies fats and neutralizes acids from the stomach. Bile also contains bilirubin, a waste product produced when red blood cells are broken down.
• The stomach is an enlargement of the alimentary canal where food is stored temporarily until it is ready to pass on to the small intestine.
• The gallbladder stores bile until it's needed in the small intestine.
• The gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver and releases it into the duodenum as needed.
• The small intestine is divided into three parts: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. This is where most nutrient absorption takes place through villi and microvilli.
• Pancreatic juices contain enzymes such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidases, and lipase. These enzymes aid in the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
• The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes from undigested food residues. Fecal matter is formed here and passes through the rectum and out of the body via defecation.
• The pancreas produces digestive juices that contain enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
• The pancreas secretes enzymes such as amylase, lipase, proteases, etc., which are important in breaking down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins respectively.
• Amylase breaks down starch to maltose
• Chyme (partially digested food) moves from the stomach to the small intestine.
• Chyme (partially digested food) moves from the stomach to the small intestine.
• The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes from undigested food material. Feces are formed here and then eliminated through the rectum and anus.
• Chymotrypsin breaks down large peptides (proteins) into smaller ones.
• Digestion occurs in the stomach with the release of hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes like pepsin.
• Food enters the mouth and travels down the esophagus to the stomach.
• Lipase breaks down triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol
• Proteases (trypsin) break down protein molecules into smaller peptide chains
• The small intestine is responsible for the absorption of nutrients such as carbohydrates, protein, vitamins, minerals, and water. It has three parts: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
• Food is broken down into smaller molecules by mechanical and chemical processes during digestion.
• Proteins are broken down into peptides and then individual amino acids by proteases.
• Mechanical breakdown involves cutting or grinding food particles with teeth and mixing them with saliva.
• Chemical breakdown occurs when enzymes present in various organs of the digestive system catalyze reactions that break down complex molecules into simpler ones.
• The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes from undigested food residues, forming feces which are eliminated from the body via defecation.
• Mechanical breakdown involves chewing food into smaller pieces and mixing it with saliva containing amylase, which begins the process of breaking down starch.
• Carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides by enzymes like maltase and sucrase.
• Nutrient absorption occurs through active transport or diffusion across the epithelial cells lining the villi.
• Fat is emulsified with bile salts and broken down into fatty acids and glycerol by lipase.
• Chemical breakdown includes the action of gastric juices in the stomach, including hydrochloric acid that denatures proteins and activates pepsinogen to form pepsin, an enzyme that digests proteins.