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• Medieval period


  Also known as the Middle Ages, started with the fall of the Roman Empire
• Monophonic plainchant


  Music of the Catholic Church, approved by Pope Gregory I
• Medieval period


  • Monophonic music
  • Plainchant
• Famous composer of the Medieval period was Adam de la Halle
• Adam de la Halle


  Also known as Adam le Bossu (Adam the Hunchback), was a trouvère, poet, and musician
• Works of Adam de la Halle


  • Le Jeu de Robin et de Marion
  • La Chanson du roi de Sicile
• Renaissance period


  Consisted of songs, instrumental pieces, and liturgical music from about 500 AD to 1400
• Renaissance music


  • Included both sacred (liturgical) and secular (non-religious) music
  • Lute was the prominent instrument
• The invention of printing in the 1400s paved the way for wide distribution of Renaissance compositions</b>
• With the emergence of the bourgeois class, Renaissance music became popular as entertainment and activity for amateurs and the educated
• The influence of the Roman Catholic Church started to decline as new music genres arose, though sacred music was still of great importance
• The Renaissance period was also known as the "golden age" of a cappella choral music
• Other historical facts during the Renaissance era include the discovery of the actual position of the earth in the solar system by Copernicus, the invention of the compass creating wider navigation, and Martin Luther's Protestant Reformation
• Characteristics of Renaissance music

  • Polyphonic
  • Modality
  • Humanistic
  • Secular
• Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

  Said to be the greatest master of Roman Catholic Church music during the Renaissance period, majority of his compositions are sacred music
• Palestrina's Pope Marcellus Mass is held up as the perfect example of counter-reformation style
• Palestrina received his early training and spent the majority of his career in various churches in Rome, including the Pope's chapel
• Palestrina also served as an organist in St. Agapito, and his first book of Masses became popular and was greatly appreciated by Pope Julius III
• Palestrina had planned to become a priest but eventually changed his mind and married a wealthy widow, which improved his wealth and enabled him to pursue a musical career for the rest of his life
• Baroque period


  Refers to an era that started around 1600 and ended around 1750, included composers like Bach, Vivaldi, and Handel who pioneered new styles like the concerto and sonata
• Baroque music


  • Characterized by ornate and elaborate style
  • Included new musical forms like the concerto and sonata
• Famous Baroque composers include Johann Sebastian Bach, Antonio Vivaldi, and George Frideric Handel
• Johann Sebastian Bach


  Came from a family of musicians, taught to play the violin by his father, became orphaned at age 10, his works include Fugue, Concerto, and Toccata
• Antonio Vivaldi


  Known mainly for composing instrumental concertos, especially for the violin, and over forty operas, his most famous piece is The Four Seasons
• George Frideric Handel


  Remembered for his operas and oratorios, became England's favorite composer, lost his eyesight in 1753 but continued to conduct, his most famous creation is The Messiah
• Troubadour music


  Usually monophonic, sometimes with improvised accompaniment, tells of chivalry and courtly love, originated in France and written in the French language