Navigation

• What is Navigation?


  Navigation is the practice and science of maneuvering a ship or vessel from one place to another safely and efficiently with dues diligence
• What are the two types of navigational charts?

  Raster charts and vector charts
• what is the difference between raster charts and vector charts?

  Raster charts are scanned copy of paper charts

  Vector charts are Computer generated

  Raster: Image-based, fixed resolution. Vector: Data-based, scalable.
• What are the 4 navigational equipment on board a vessel?

  Gps, Ecdis, AIS, Radar
• What does radar stand for and what is it used for?


  Radar stands for Radio Detection and Ranging. It is used for detecting the presence, direction, distance, and speed of objects such as aircraft, ships, and weather formations.
• What does ECDIS stand for and what is it on board a ship?

  ecdis is an electronic navigational equipment wich stands for Electronic charts display and information system. It functions as a navigational tool for seaferers in which they can use it to create and plan routes, provide safety measures on route and monitor out vessel via real time.
• What does GPS stand for and what is it used for?

  GPS stand for Global positioning system. It provides us with real time updates on our vessel's location and whereabouts via satellite.
• What does AIS stand for and what is it's function?

  AIS stands for Automatic Identification system. It sends out information of identity from other vessels to our own vice versa. These information include, ship's name, ship's code name, location and even it's speed.
• what are the three types of navigation?


  Celestial, terrestrial, electronic
• What is terrestrial navigation?


  Terrestrial navigation is the most basic of the three. it is navigation by the use of terrestrial objects as reference. Terrestrial objects such as islands and light houses and even watermarks such as buoys
• What is celestial navigation?


  celestial navigation is navigation by the use of celestial bodies as reference. it is the most difficult of the three due to it needing complex equations and equipment. Celestial bodies such as the moon, the sun, and even constellations.
• What is electronic navigation?

  electronic navigation is the use of electronic equipment found on board a vessel to navigate. this is the easiest of the three due to the fact that everything is computer generated. with just a push of a button you'll have the information you need.
• What is the difference between SOG and STW?

  SOG or speed overground is the speed in which a vessel is traveling raltive to the earth's surface. It is also the speed in which external forces are applied which are winds and currents.

  STW or speed through water is the speed in which a vessel is traveling relative to the water itself. It does not account external forces
• What is bearing?

  Bearing is the direction of a target usually measured in degrees
• What is a horizon?

  Horizon is the area or the horizontal line in which the sea and the sky meet
• What are the 4 cardinal marks?

  1. north
  2. east
  3. south
  4. West
• what are the 4 inter cardinal marks?

  Northeast, Southeast, Southwest,northwest
• how many points in boxing the compass?


  32 points. Each point i s 11.25 degrees
• What is latitude and longitude?

  Latitude is the horizontal line that runs from east to west and is measured from 0 to 90 degrees

  longitude is the vertical line from north to south and is measured from 0 to 180 degrees
• What is compass error?


  Compass Error is the difference between compass heading and true.
• What are the two compass errors?

  Variation and deviation
• What is the difference between variation and deviation?

  Variation occurs when the magnetic compass is influenced by the magnetic north. while deviation occurs when the metals onboard are influencing the magnetic compass
• What is the solution from to get true north?

  C

  D

  M

  V

  T

  
  

  E+
• What is the equation for true to compass error?

  T

  V

  M

  D

  C

  
  

  E-
• how to determine speed, distance and time of a vessle?

  D= SxT

  S= D/T

  T= D/S
• what is dead reckoning?


  As a navigator, dead reckoning is the art of pinpointing your current location by using a known starting position and factoring in estimated speed, direction traveled (course), and elapsed time
• What is set and drift?


  Drift is the speed in which the current is pushing the boat of coarse

  set is the direction in which the current is pushing the ship or boat
• how many meters in 1 nautical Mile?

  there is approximately 1,852 meters
• How many kilometers in 1 nautical mile?

  1.852
• how many miles in 1 nautical mile?

  1.15 miles
• how many kilometers in 1 mile?

  1.60934 kilometers
• how many miles in 1 kilometer?

  0.621371 miles
• What is echo sounding?

  A method of using sound waves to measure the depth of water or to detect objects underwater.
• what is great circle?


  route that is the shortest distance from one point to another on a sphere
• What is voyage planning?


  Passage planning or voyage planning is a procedure to develop a complete description of a vessel's voyage from start to finish.
• what are the 4 steps of voyage planning?


  1 Appraisal

  2 Planning

  3 Execution

  4 Monitoring
• In voyage planning, what does Appraisal mean?


  the initial stage where you gather and analyze all the information you'll need for the trip.
• In VP, what does Planning stage mean?


  use all the information you gathered (weather, charts, etc.) to create a detailed roadmap for your trip, including the safest route, estimated travel time
• In voyage planning, What does execution mean?

  This is where you take the planning into action
• in VP, what does monitoring mean?


  Keeping a watchful eye on your ship and making sure that it is following the plans that you've made