monomers and polymers

• Give three examples of monosaccharide monomers that make up carbohydrates: Glucose FructoseGalactose
• What type of sugar is glucose? hexose / monosaccharide
• Draw a diagram of alpha glucose:

  OH group at the bottom
• Draw a diagram showing the difference between alpha and beta glucose:

  ALPHA = OH GROUP AT BOTTOM

  BETA = OH GROUP AT TOP
• What type of bond forms between monosaccharides to form carbohydrates? A glycosidic bond
• What is lactose? A disaccarideFormed by a condensation polymerisation reaction between a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule
• What test is used to test for sugars? Benedict’s Test
• Which disaccharide is a non-reducing sugar? sucrose
• Which disaccharides are reducing sugars? maltose Lactose
• Define "monomers""" The smaller units from which larger molecules are made
• Define "polymers""" Molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together
• Define "isomers""" Molecules with the same molecular formula but a different molecular structure
• Carbohydrate monomer Monosaccharide
• Protein monomer Amino acid
• Nucleic acid monomer Nucleotide
• Carbohydrate polymer Polysaccharide
• Protein polymer Proteins + polypeptides
• Nucleic acid polymer DNA
• Define "peptide""" The bond formed between 2 amino acids
• What is a condensation reaction? A reaction that joins 2 molecules together with the formation of a chemical bond and involves the elimination of a molecule of water
• Explain the role of carbohydrates in plants? Provides structural support.
• Function of cellulose? Provides structural support.
• Which polymer has 1,4 and 1,6 glycocidic bonds. Amylose or amylopectin? Amylopectin.
• What is a key property of startch:
• Explain how the structure of cellulose makes it adapted for its function: Long straight chains of B-glucose; which form hydrogen bonds between the chainsforming microfibrilsProviding rigidity
• Describe how the student could have prepared the sample to view under the microscope: Thin sampleLie flat on slide and add a drop of waterAdd cover slip
• Why is water being a good solvent help? Dissolved substances
• What does cohesion produce? Surface tension supporting small organisms.
• What do exopeptidases do? Remove the terminal amino acids
• Advantages of Ratios? Allows contrast and comparison