Freedom Morality - Group ni Khervy

• Morality


  Customs including customary behavior of a particular group of people
• Ethics


  A branch of philosophy that deals with the systematic questioning and critical examination of the underlying principles of morality
• Ethos


  The character of a culture, including the attitude of approval or disapproval in a particular culture at a given time and place
• Mores


  The customs including the customary behavior of a particular group of people
• Mores (in Latin) and Ethos (in Greek) both refer to customary behavior
• Normative Ethics


  Meant to give an answer to the question, "What is good?", pertains to certain norms or standards for goodness and badness, rightness or wrongness of an act
• Meta-ethics


  Tries to go beyond the concepts and parameters set by normative ethics by trying to question the basis of the assumptions proposed in a framework of norms and standards
• 3 Ethos of Human

  • Man has the capacity to know what is good and evil
  • Man knows what is good and does it and he knows what is evil and avoid it
  • Man feels the consequences of his actions expecting reward and punishment
• Folkways


  Social conventions that are not considered to be of moral significance by members of the group
• To preserve society together with its accepted norms and practices, the individual has to defend and maintain of what is right
• From folkways, becoming the basis of the mores, the individual, whether consciously or unconsciously, develops habits to preserve the notion of what is right
• Society or the group develops the social rules and sanctions, which may be implicit or explicit, in order to preserve these practices and to control the behavior of the individual and to maintain order in society
• The mores are the compelling reasons to do what ought to be done, because they are the right things to do
• The changes in the mores of a particular society do not happen in an instant, but they happen unconsciously over time
• Two important factors in the emergence of morality

  • Point of view of society (together with its customs, social rules and sanctions)
  • Point of view of the individual or human person (who has unconsciously developed habits in following the social norms established by his society)
• Freedom


  Assumed when one is making his choices and is the agent that is taking full responsibility in planning his life, and in the process, planning and budgeting his actions for some future outlook or goals, in accordance with his moral and rational capacity to know and discern what is right and wrong
• Obligation


  Construed as one's duty to himself to exercise this freedom as a rational moral being
• To act freely


  To act autonomously
• To act autonomously


  To act according to a law I give myself
• Whenever I act according to the laws of nature, demands of social convention, when I pursue pleasure and comfort, I am not acting freely
• To act freely


  Not to simply choose a means to a given end, but to choose the end itself, for its own sake
• Kant's notion of freedom


  • Acting freely (autonomously) and acting morally are one and the same thing