Key words

• Actus reus

  A guilty act
• Mens rea

  A guilty mind
• Strict liability offences

  Mens rea does not have to be proven
• Norms

  Specific rules or socially accepted standards that govern peoples behaviour in particular situations
• Values

  General principles or guidelines for how we should live our lives
• Moral codes 


  a set of rules or guidelines that a person or group of people follow in order to live a life that is good. Moral codes are heavily dependent upon culture. The moral code that we live by influences many parts of our lives and often dictates how we act, how we dress, and even how we treat other people.
• Polygamy 


  Mating in which an animals has more than one mate
• Adultery

  Voluntary sexual interiors between a married person and a person who is not their spouse
• Diminished responsibility 


  People who broke the law not held fully criminally liable, mental functions were diminished
• Loss of control

  Defence only to murder

  Defiant list control due to a qualifying trigger
• Automatism

  The involuntary performance of action without that person making conscious decision to act
• Typifications


  Stereotypes that police can use to influence their decisions such as patrol zones and who to stop and question
• Capital punishment

  Death penalty
• Corporal punishment 


  Punishment intended to cause physical pain
• Monozygotic


  Identical twins
• Dizygotic

  Fraternal twins

  Not identical
• Concordance rate


  Proportion of pairs of individuals that share attributes given that it already possesses one trait
• Atavistic 


  Throwback to an earlier, primitive stage of evolution, pre-social
• Somatotype

  Body shape
• PET scan

  Brain scan
• Enomorphic 


  Fat
• Ectomotphic


  Thin
• Mesomorphic


  Muscular and fit
• Observational learning

  Learning behaviour by observing others
• Differential association 


  Individuals learn values and attitudes for criminal behaviour
• Juvenile delinquent

  Young criminal
• Extrovert 


  Social and outgoing personality
• Introvert

  Not social and inward personality
• Neuroticism 


  a trait that reflects a person's level of emotional stability. It is often defined as a negative personality trait involving negative emotions, poor self-regulation, trouble dealing with stress, a strong reaction to perceived threats, and the tendency to complain
• Psychoticism

  Personality type

  Risks, anti social behaviour, impulsiveness, non conformists
• Id


  Instincts
• Ego


  Reality
• Superego

  Morality
• Capitalism


  a term used to describe a social and economic system in the pursuit of profit
• Anomie


  Absence of social ties that bind Peopleton society

  State of where norms of good and bad have little significance in people's lives
• Innovation 


  Wants the goal and does it illegally