ASG

• Passive


  to be + past participle → object becomes subject
• Passive voice


  1. Object of the action becomes the subject of the sentence

  2. Action is done to the subject

  3. Often uses the verb "to be" followed by the past participle of the main verb
• Active voice


  Subject + Verb + Object
• Passive voice


  Object + Verb + (by) + Subject
• Defining relative clauses


  Provide essential information about a noun, necessary for identifying it, not set off by commas
• Pronouns for defining relative clauses


  We can use that instead of who/which
• Relative pronouns can be omitted


  who/which/that when followed by subject + verb
• Non-defining relative clauses


  Give extra information about a noun, set off by commas, but aren't essential for identifying the noun
• We can't use that instead of who/which in non-defining relative clauses
• Relative pronouns can be omitted in non-defining relative clauses, but we cannot omit who/which
• Comment clause


  Expresses the speaker's opinion, attitude, or evaluation regarding the main clause's action or situation, often begins with "fortunately" or "honestly"
• Relative pronouns


  • Who/that = people
  • Which/that = things
• Relative pronouns


  • The person who/that called earlier left a message
  • Earth is the only planet which/that can support life
• Who's


  Who is / who has
• Who's


  • The doctor who's treating my grandmother is very experienced
• Whose


  Possessive pronoun
• Whose


  • I met a man whose dog won first place in the competition
• Whom


  After prepositions, object dativ/accusative
• Whom


  • I spoke to the professor whom I admire for his intelligence