2F

• A biological relationship when both the host and organism benefit from one another Mutualism
• What relationship? Flagellates inside the digestive system of termites Mutualism
• A relationship where only one organism can benifit but there is no harmful effect to the host Commensalism
• What relationship? Entamoeba coli in intestinal lumen of man Commensalism
• A relationship where a microbe benefits at the expense of the other host Parasitism
• What relationship? Entamoeba histolytica derives nutrients from human host causing intestinal ulcers and amoebic dystentery Parasitism
• A living organism that takes nourishment and other need through contact with another species Parasite
• Organim that supports parasite and may later develop disease Host
• A branch of science that deals with the study of parasites Parasitology
• Parasite organisms that live on the outer surface of its hosts Ectoparasites
• parasite organisms that live inside the body of their host endoparasites
• based on location, what kind of parasites are lice, ticks, and mites ectoparasites
• Example of endoparasite Entamoeba histolytica
• Term used for presence of ectoparasites Infestation
• Term used for presence of endoparasites Infection
• Type of parasite that is completely dependen on the host during a segment or all of its life cycle Obligate parasite
• Type of parasite that exhibits both parasitic and non-parasitic modes of living and hence does not absolutely depend on the parasitic way of life Facultative parasite
• Example of obligate parasite Plasmodium spp - Malaria
• Example of facultative parasite Strongyloides stercoralis - Cochin China Diarrhea
• Type of parasite that attack unusual hosts and survives but may or may not complete life cycle Accidental Parasite/ Incidental parasite
• Example of accidental parasite Echinococcus granulosus (humans)
• What is the definite host of Echinococcus granulosus Dogs
• Type of parasite that wanders into an organ in which it is not usually found Erratic Parasite
• Example of erratic parasite Ascaris lumbricoides in humans - wanders into lungs Entamoeba histolytica reaching the liver or lung
• Type of parasite that visit the host from time to time for feeding Intermittent or Temporary Parasites
• Type of parasite that remains on the host for life Permanent parasite
• Example of intermittent parasite Mosquito in malaria
• Example of permanent parasite TRYPANOSOMES Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (Sleeping Sickness) Wuchereria bancrofti (Filariasis/Elephantiasis)
• Type of parasite that that have been swallowed and passed through the alimentary tract without causing effect Spurious parasite
• example of spurious parasite Capillaria sp. from fish
• Parasites that parasitizes another parasite Hyperparasites
• Example of hyperparasites Male Ixodes angustus that is attached to the female Ixodes angustus (Lyme Disease)
• Elephantiasis caused by Wuchereria bancrofti
• Two types of hosts Definitive and Intermediate Host
• A host that harbors a parasite in adult stage or undergoing sexual reproduction Definitive Host
• Host that harbor larval sages or an asexual cycle is taking place Intermediate host
• Example of definitive host Humans in taeniasis
• Example of intermediate host Pigs in Taenia solium (pig tapeworm), cattle in Taenia saginata (bovine)
• In some cases, larval development is completed in two different intermediate hosts referred to as a. First intermediate host, b. Second intermediate host
• Example of first and second intermediate host Diphyllobothtrium latum - Fish tapeworm