reproductive

• Asexual reproduction – the

  mode of reproduction that does

  not involve the use of gametes

  or sex cells.
• Sexual reproduction – the mode

  of reproduction that involves

  the use of gametes or sex cells.
• Fission – a type of asexual

  reproduction involving the

  division of body into two

  or more equal parts.
• Fragmentation – a type of asexual reproduction where

  the body breaks into two or more parts,

  with each fragment capable of becoming

  a complete individual; in animals,

  fragmentation is usually followed by

  regeneration where the missing parts are

  produced. For example, a lost arm of the

  starfish may be regenerated by mitotic

  cell divisions.
• Budding – a type of asexual reproduction

  where a new individual arises as

  an outgrowth (bud) from its parent,

  develops organs like those of the

  parent, and then detaches itself.
• Sporulation – a type of asexual reproduction

  where a new individual forms

  from an aggregation of cells

  surrounded by a resistant

  capsule or spore, which later on

  germinates.
• Development – involves

  formation of sex cells, zygote

  formation, subsequent stages

  in one’s life span.

  Development is terminated by

  death.
• Growth – stage of

  development characterized by

  an increase in size of an

  individual.
• Gametogenesis – stage of development that yields haploid gametes.
• fertilization - Occurs when sperm and

  oocyte combine and their

  nuclei fuse.
• zygote - The single cell that

  contains all genetic material

  needed to form human.
• fallopian tube - where fertilization occurs within 12 to 24 hours after ovulation period
• capacitation/ priming - sperm undergo in the uterine tube
• Implantation – process where the blastocyst implants itself in

  the endometrium; this signals the start of pregnancy.
• Cleavage – stage of development involving a series of mitotic

  divisions to produce a multicellular blastula from a unicellular zygote.
• Morula – a human blastula made up of a solid ball of cells.
• Blastocyst – a human blastula composed of the inner cell mass, which

  becomes the embryo, and the trophoectoderm, which becomes the

  placenta.
• Gestation – carrying of the embryo inside the female reproductive

  tract, specifically the uterus; can last up to 9 months in humans.
• Gastrulation – (3rd week of Development) stage of development

  involving morphogenetic movements of the cells to produce a

  gastrula with distinct germ cell layers;
• in vertebrates, gastrulation will result three layers : the outermost ectoderm; the inner endoderm, and

  the middle layer, the mesoderm.
• Organogenesis – stage of development where the different

  germ layers differentiate into specific organ systems.
• Menstrual phase – part of the

  menstrual cycle of the

  uterus; also known as the

  “period”; corresponds to the

  early part of the follicular

  phase of the ovaries (days

  1-5) when endometrium

  degenerates and sloughs off,

  producing the menstrual

  discharge.
• Follicular phase – part of the

  menstrual cycle of the ovary in

  humans where the follicles begin

  to mature;
• marked by secretions of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

  and the leutinizing hormone (LH)

  by the anterior pituitary gland

  and the estrogen by the ovaries;

  both FSH and LH stimulate the

  maturation of the oocytes while

  estrogen stimulates uterine lining

  growth in preparation for

  implantation of the embryo.
• Ovulation Phase – is a phase in

  the menstrual cycle when your

  ovary releases an egg (ovum).
• Once an egg leaves your ovary,

  it travels down your fallopian

  tube where it waits to be

  fertilized by sperm. On average,

  it happens on day 14 of a 28-day

  menstrual cycle.
• Secretory phase – part of

  the menstrual cycle of the

  uterus; corresponds to the

  luteal phase of the ovaries;

  the endometrium undergoes

  final changes before it

  receives the embryo during

  implantation.
• Luteal phase – part of the

  menstrual cycle of the ovary

  after the oocytes are released

  from the follicles; the remains of

  the follicle become the corpus

  luteum, which then secretes

  progesterone, which stimulates

  the uterus to undergo final

  maturational changes that

  prepare it for gestation to house

  and nourish an embryo.
• 3 types of STI's

  ● Bacterial

  ● Parasitic

  ● Viral
• sexually transmitted infection - STI
• ● Most STIs have no

  symptoms.

  ● A person can have an

  STI and not know it.