CCC151 EXAM

• Why must a database table avoid repeating groups to comply with 1NF

  To allow for more straightforward queries and updates
• One of the benefits of data normalization is

  improve data management
• What is the primary goal of data normalization in relational databases? 

  To minimize redundancy and dependency 
• What is crucial when maintaining referential integrity during table decomposition? 

  Defining primary keys and establishing foreign key relationships
• Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the need for a database to be transitioned from 2NF to 3NF?

  A table has attributes that are only partially dependent on the primary key. 
• In the process of normalizing a database to 3NF, what happens to transitive dependencies?

  They are split into separate tables to remove the dependencies.
• Why must a database table avoid repeating groups to comply with First Normal Form (1NF)? 


  To allow for more straightforward queries and updates.
• How does data normalization contribute to reduced data redundancy? 

  By ensuring each piece of information is stored only once 
• In the context of database normalization, what is a 'partial dependency'?

  A dependency on a subset of a composite primary key.
• Which of the following is NOT a purpose of data normalization? 


  Increases duplicate data
• In database security, what is the significance of role-based access control (RBAC)?

  It limits user access based on their job role
• What is the main advantage of logical data independence in a database system?

  It allows changing the logical structure without altering the physical schema
• Which task is most indicative of a Database Administrator's role concerning database performance?

  Conducting performance tuning and optimization
• What is the role of data abstraction in a Database Management System (DBMS)?

  To provide a simplified view of the data to the users
• What is the primary purpose of a Database Management System (DBMS)? 


  To store, manipulate, and retrieve data efficiently
• Which security measure is most effective in protecting a database against SQL Injection attacks?

  Use of prepared statements and parameterized queries
• In the context of a DBMS, what does concurrency control ensure?

  That multiple users can update the same data simultaneously without conflict
• What is a major advantage of the Full Recovery Model over the Simple Recovery Model?

  Ability to recover to a specific point in time 
• How does the external schema contribute to data independence in database architecture?


  By providing different views to various users 
• What is the defining characteristic of a relational database?


  Data organized in tables
• Which SQL-based DBMS is particularly known for its performance and scalability in large enterprise applications?

  Oracle Database
• What role do foreign keys play in a relational database?


  Allow linking of tables based on data relationships
• Which of the following SQL commands is used to modify existing data within a table?


  UPDATE
• Which of the following is a DDL command in SQL?

  CREATE
• When was SQL first standardized by ANSI?

  1986
• What is the purpose of a primary key in a relational database?

  Uniquely identifies each record in a table
• Which SQL command is used to fetch data from a database?

  SELECT
• How has SQL impacted modern applications and data analysis?

  Enabled the widespread use of relational databases
• What is the primary role of SQL in database management?

  To manage and manipulate relational databases
• After executing the following SQL command, what effect does it have on the user John regarding the "Students" table?

  REVOKE DELETE ON Students FROM John;


  John's permission to delete records from the "Students" table is removed.
• How do indexes improve database performance?

  By reducing the time it takes to retrieve data from the database.
• What is the primary purpose of creating a view in SQL?

  To provide a simplified, logical representation of one or more tables.
• Which statement best describes the use of subqueries in SQL?


  Subqueries are queries within a query, used to further refine the data to be retrieved.
• What does the following SQL statement do?

  GRANT SELECT ON Students TO John;


  ives John permission to view (select) data in the "Students" table.
• If a transaction is started and a series of INSERT operations are performed, what does executing a ROLLBACK command do?

  Reverts the database back to the state before the transaction started
• SQL identifiers are names given to database objects such as tables and columns. Which of the following is NOT a valid rule for naming these objects in SQL?

  Starting with a number
• What type of JOIN returns all records from the LEFT table and the matched records from the RIGHT table?

  LEFT JOIN
• To update the "LastName" column for all students with the "StudentID" of 1, which SQL command should be used?

  UPDATE Students SET LastName = 'Smith' WHERE StudentID = 1;
• Which SQL statement correctly inserts a new record into the "Students" table?

  INSERT INTO Students (StudentID, FirstName, LastName) VALUES (1, 'Jane', 'Doe');
• In database normalization, what does a full dependency imply? 

  All non-key columns are fully functionally dependent on the primary key.