Birmingham

• Migration in Birmingham

  • National
  • Some elderly ppl migrate elsewhere
  • Young ppl migrate for work
  • The 5 university means 78,000 students
• Migration in Birmingham

  • International
  • 1950s: Caribbean, Pakistan, India – for employment in the inner-city
  • 2000s: employment from Eastern Europe
  • -Refugees from Syria and Afghanistan
• Birmingham's changes to retail: Merry hill (1980)

  • Merry hill is a shopping centre which was very accesabile, has free parking, weather proof with restaurants and entrainment so people would spend the whole day their
  • This reduced footfall in the CBD so lots of shops closed and B’ham becomes increasingly rundown
• Birmingham's changes to retail: Online shopping

  • people didn't have to go the the CBD and shop from home
  • This reduced footfall in the CBD so lots of shops closed and B’ham becomes increasingly rundown
• Birmingham Fights Back Plan for CBD

  • attract ppl by offering retail & leisure, recreation, eating and drinking
  • Improve transport connections
  • Continued use of ... for concerts and international sports
  • Utilita Arena and The International Convention Centre
  • Upgrade Bullring shopping centre
  • Regenerate old industry sites
  • Increase online presence
• Birmingham’s sustainability plans: Air Pollution

  • Birmingham’s Clean Air Zone (CAZ)
  • (+)Easy & effective to administer
  • (-)Disproportionately affects poorer ppl who can’t afford new cars, especially delivery drivers
• Birmingham’s sustainability plans: Congestion & public transport needs

  • Birmingham Connected - 20 yr plan; tram network, hybrid buses, electric car charging points, cycle routes
  • (+)Helps address air & noise pollution, and reduces congestion
  • (-)Public transport need subsidizing so it's affordable.
  • (-)Ppl reluctant to give up cars
• Birmingham’s sustainability plans: Population growth, housing and energy demands

  • B’ham Municipal Housing Trust Energy Saver Scheme - build affordable homes and upgrade 60,000 homes to be energy efficient
  • (+)Building 1500 affordable homes
  • (+)Making homes more efficient reduces energy bills
  • (+)Reduce impact of climate change
  • (-)Only 3000 homes were upgraded and the scheme was insufficient