History of IS

• Cowpox is a mild diseases that causes lesions around nipples of cows
• Louis pasteur demonstrated injection of killed microbes or "attenuated" vaccines
• Louis pasteur discovered the therapeutic vaccination
• Elie Metchnikoff discovered that certain blood cells could ingest foreign materials "phagocytes"
• Jules bordet discovered complement
• Robert Kaus Discovered precipitins
• Emil Alolf von behring discovered the antitoxin for rabies in 1901
• Emil Alolf von behring discovered serum transfusion
• Susumo Tonegawa discovered the genetic principle underlying the different antibodies with different specificities
• Robert Koch discovered the cellular immunity against tuberculosis
• Paul Ehrlich discovered the immunity and side chain theory
• Richey and portier discovered anaphylaxis
• Richet and Portier discovered anaphylaxis in 1913
• Karl Landsteiner discovered the blood group antigen ABO
• Karl Landsteiner established his ABO discovery on 'Specificity of Serologic Reaction'
• Bordet and Medawar discovered immunologic tolerance
• Edelman and Porter discovered the antibody structure
• Porter demonstrated 3 major antibodies structure using papain: 2 fab 1 fc
• Edelman demonstrated the the 7s of IgG which is a svedberg unit for sedimentation
• Rosalyn Yalow wins noven prize for her radioimmunoassay method
• Benaceraf, Daussett, Snell discovered Major Histocompatibility Complex
• Niels Jerne discovered immunoregulation
• Koehler and Milsten discovered the Hybridoma Technology
• Thomas and Murray first to establish transplantation
• Doherty and Zinkernagel first to discover the cytotoxic t cells response against virally infected cells
• Francois Barre-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier discovered Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• Vaccinia is smallpox
• Variola major is cowpox
• Variola minor is alastrum
• Mary Mallon aka Typhoid Mary carrier of Salmonella Typhi
• Columbian Theory: New to old world is a passage of Syphilis
• Columbian Theory: Old to New world is the passage of smallpox
• New world is the usa
• Old world is the Europe
• Father of immunology: Edward Jenner
• Father Modern Microbiology: Louis Pasteur
• 1st blood transfusion involves Pope Innocent VII
• Sodium phosphate or Sodium soda is used as a preservative of blood and suggested by Braxton Hicks
• 1% Sodium citrate is used as blood preservative according to Albert Huston
• 0.2% Sodium Citrate should be used as blood preservative as per Richard Lewisohn to avoid hypocalcemia