DIASS

• Communication


  A process where people share information, feelings, and ideas
• Basic elements of the communication process

  • Message
  • Medium
  • Sender
  • Receiver
• Communication process


  • May be modified and detailed in several ways
  • Consists of six basic elements: setting, participants, message creation, channels, noise, and feedback
• Sender-Receiver


  Communication involves the sender and receiver getting involved because they have ideas and feelings to share
• Message


  Made up of the ideas and feelings that the senders/receivers want to share, represented by verbal and non-verbal symbols
• Verbal symbols


  Words in a language that stand for a particular thing or idea
• Non-verbal symbols


  Anything communicated without using words such as facial expressions, gestures, posture, colors, vocal tones, appearance, etc.
• Areas of specialization for communicators and journalists

  • Speech writing and taking minutes
  • Advertising, marketing, and sales communication
  • Education, electronic media, radio, television, and broadcasting
  • Public relations
  • Journalism: theater, performing arts, and dramatic arts
  • Public communication and opinion management
  • International relations management and negotiations
• Career opportunities for communicators and journalists


  • Speech writer, press secretary, public information officer, public affairs specialist, communication assistant, meetings secretary, customer service representative, marketing assistant or officer, advertising, sales assistant and account executive, research associate, operations manager
  • Advertising and marketing specialists: copy writer, account executive, sales manager, media planner, media buyer, creative director, media sales representatives, public opinion researchers and pollsters
  • Communication educators: college/university professors, speech communication department chairpersons, language arts coordinators, elementary and high school speech teachers, forensic and debate coaches, drama directors
  • Broadcasting careers: broadcasting station manager, director of broadcasting, film and tape librarian, community relations director, unit manager, film editor, news editor, news director, news writer, news anchor, transmitter engineer, technical director, advertising sales coordinator, traffic and continuity specialist, market researcher, actor/actress, disc jockey, public relations manager, comedy writer, casting director, floor manager, talk show host, account executive, media buyer
  • Journalism careers: reporter, editor, newscaster, author, copy writer, script writer, publisher, news service researcher, technical writer, acquisition editor, interviewer
  • Public relations careers: publicity manager, advertising manager, marketing specialist, press agent, lobbyist, corporate public affairs specialist, account executives, development officer, fund-raiser, membership recruiter, sales manager, media analyst, media planner, creative director, audience analyst, news writer, public opinion researcher
  • Theater and performing arts careers: performing artists, script writer, producer, director, arts administrator, performing arts educator, costume designer, theater critic, makeup artist, stage manager, art and prop curator, theater professor, casting director
  • Communication in government and politics-related careers: public information officer, speech writer, legislative assistant, campaign director, research specialist, program coordinator, negotiator, lobbyist, press secretary, elected officer
  • International relations and negotiations careers: on-air international broadcasting talent, corporate representative, translator, student tour coordinator, diplomat, foreign relations officer, host/hostess for foreign dignitaries, foreign correspondent
• Responsibilities and accountabilities of communicators and journalists

  • Channels: routes traveled by a message, including sound, sight, social networking sites, mass media
  • Feedback: response of the receiver to the sender and vice versa
  • Noise: external or internal interference that keeps the message from being understood or accurately interpreted
  • Setting: the context where communication occurs, including venue, seating arrangements, attire, use of sound systems
• Levels of communication


  • Intrapersonal communication: communication within oneself
  • Interpersonal communication: one-to-one communication in an informal, unstructured setting
  • Intercultural communication: interpersonal communication between or among members of different cultures
  • Interviewing: a series of questions and answers to obtain information
  • Small group communication: cooperative thinking to solve a problem
  • Mass communication: a sender sending a message to an audience in a highly structured manner
• Four pillars of learning

  • Learning to know: mastery of instruments of knowledge, development of faculties like memory, imagination, reasoning, problem solving, critical thinking
  • Learning to do: application of what has been learned, development of competencies like communication, teamwork, adaptability, innovation, risk-taking
  • Learning to live together: discovery of others, experience of shared purposes, development of qualities like knowledge and understanding of self and others, empathy, cooperative social behavior, conflict resolution
  • Learning to be: fostering the complete fulfillment of the human being, development of qualities like imagination, creativity, universally shared human values, critical thinking, personal commitment and responsibility