MedTerm Muscular

Created by

Clark Olviz

Cards (80)

Major Structures of the Muscular System
Muscles
Fascia
Tendons
Muscles 
(muscul/o, my/o, myos/o) Make body movement possible, hold body erect, move body fluids, and produce body heat
Fascia 
(fasci/o) Cover, support, and separate muscles
Tendons 
(ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o) Attach muscles to bones
Related Word Roots
muscul/o, my/o, myos/o (muscles)
fasci/o (fascia)
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o (tendons)
Orthopedic Surgeon 
Treats injuries and disorders involving bones, joints, and muscles
Neurologist 
A physician who specializes in treating the causes of paralysis and similar muscular disorders in which there is a loss of function
Exercise Physiologist 
A specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness
Sports Medicine Physician 
Specializes in treating sports-related injuries of the bones, joints, and muscles
Fasciitis 
Inflammation of a fascia
Tendinitis 
An inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint
Tenosynovitis 
An inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon
Adhesion 
A band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally. Adhesions can form in muscles or in internal organs, as the result of an injury or surgery
Atrophy 
Means weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures. Atrophy of a muscle or muscles can be caused by pathology or by disuse of the muscle over a long period of time
Myalgia 
Muscle tenderness or pain
Myolysis 
Degeneration of muscle tissue
Myorrhexis 
Rupture of muscle
Polymyositis 
A muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body
Myosclerosis 
Abnormal hardening of a muscle
Myocele 
The protrusion of a muscle through its ruptured sheath or fascia (Harmless)
Atonic 
Means lacking normal muscle tone or strength
Dystonia 
A condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement
Hypertonia 
A condition of excessive tone of skeletal muscles with increased resistance of muscle to passive stretching
Hypotonia 
A condition of diminished tone of skeletal muscles with decreased resistance to passive stretching
Myotonia 
Delayed relaxation of muscles after strong contraction
Ataxia 
An inability to coordinate muscles in the execution of voluntary movement
Contracture 
An abnormal shortening of muscle tissue making the muscle resistant to stretching
Intermittent Claudication 
A complex of symptom including cramp like pain of the leg muscles caused by poor circulation and may be an indication of larger cardiovascular problem
Spasmodic Torticollis 
Also known as wryneck, is a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck that pull the head towards the affected side
Nocturnal Myoclonus 
Jerking of the limbs that can occur normally as a person is falling asleep
Singultus 
Myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm
Myoclonus 
Sudden involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscle
Myasthenia Gravis 
A chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular function causing episodes of muscle weakness
Muscular Dystrophy 
A general term that describes a group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy 
The most common form, with onset between 3-5 years
Becker Muscular Dystrophy 
Another form of muscular dystrophy
Rotator Cuff Tendinitis 
An inflammation of the tendons of the rotator cuff
Impingement Syndrome 
Occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 
Symptoms occur when the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel are chronically overused and become inflamed and swollen
Epicondylitis 
Inflammation of the tissue surrounding the elbow