Lesson 3: Questioning and Audio Visual Presentation

• Questioning


  A powerful teaching method that can engage students, promote critical thinking, and deepen understanding
• Ways questioning can be effectively used as a teaching method


  1. Promoting critical thinking

  2. Assessing understanding

  3. Encouraging active participation

  4. Differentiating instruction

  5. Fostering inquiry-based learning

  6. Providing feedback

  7. Creating a Socratic dialogue
• Types of questions


  • Analytic
  • Empirical
  • Valuative
  • Cognitive-memory
  • Convergent
  • Divergent
  • Evaluating
  • Focusing
  • Foundation
  • Extending
  • Lifting
  • Promoting
• Benefits of effective questioning


  • Encourages students to engage with their work and each other
  • Helps students to think out loud
  • Facilitates learning through active discussion
  • Empowers students to feel confident about their ideas
  • Improves speaking and listening skills
  • Builds critical thinking skills
  • Teaches respect for other people's opinions
  • Helps students to clarify their understanding
  • Motivates students and develops an interest of a topic
  • Allows teachers to check students' understanding
• The disadvantage of this approach is that you do not encourage student-to-student interaction or independent learning
• Audio Visual Aids


  Instructional material that endeavor to make the knowledge clear to us through our senses of hearing and seeing
• Use of audiovisual aids


  • A traditional method that can reinforce teaching and learning
  • Used as a supplement to a lecture, as a prelude to a discussion, or as a part of a questioning strategy
  • Can greatly enhance teaching and add to students' interest
• Types of audiovisual media


  • Print materials
  • Models, miniatures and mock-ups
  • Graphs, charts, and maps
• Advantages of print materials


  • Books can be used many times and for longer periods
  • Varied colors, actions, and beautiful scenery are enjoyed by readers
  • Magazines focus on current topics and are suited for recreational reading
  • Journals, pamphlets, and printed handouts are easy sources of additional information
• Advantages of models, miniatures and mock-ups


  • Large objects can be studied in the classroom through models and miniatures
  • Construction of mock-ups could be guided by the teacher to show emphasized parts
  • Hands-on experience in constructing replicas develops a keen sense of approximating measurements or scales
  • Artistic and creative skills are put to good use
• Visuals: Journals, pamphlets, and printed handouts


  • Easy sources of additional information
• Models


  Three-dimensional replicas of actual objects, usually made smaller or larger than real objects
• Mock-ups


  Replicas with parts that could be made detachable
• Graphs, charts, and maps


  • Flat representations that are easy to understand, can be prepared by students
• Bulletin board


  Tacked on a wall, usually located at the sides or the back, made of soft board or cork for easy pinning of photographs, clippings, outstanding paperwork, notices of coming events, etc.
• Chalkboard


  Located in front of the room, used for giving instructions for the day's lesson, detailed information during discussions or written work to be answered
• Projected still pictures


  Slides, filmstrips, overhead transparencies, and opaque projections
• Audio media


  Radio and audio recordings
• Other types of audio media

  • Gramophone
  • Tape recorder
  • Walkman
  • Headphones
• Videotapes and films


  Can be used to create interest in a given learning activity or to initiate a discussion of a special topic, can provide a straightforward presentation of the subject matter through colorful illustrations and narrations
• Educational television programs


  Scheduled and available for use in schools, lessons in Social Science, Science or Mathematics are shown regularly in public television broadcasts
• Computers


  Could be used in presenting the day's lesson, solving problems, and providing educational games, schools should aim to achieve "computer literacy" and provide experience in operating a unit
• Realia


  The real objects and materials that are naturally available in the environment (homes, schools, community)