Two process model

• what is the key assumption of the behavioural approach?

  • All of our behaviour, including phobias is learnt
• what does the Two process model include?

  Includes classical and operant conditioning
• what does the Two process model consist of?

  1. Phobias are learnt/initiated through classical conditioning

  2. Phobias are maintained by operant conditioning
• what is Classical conditioning?

  Leads to learning to associate a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus that naturally leads to a fear response
• what is an Unconditioned stimulus?

  Something that already naturally leads to a fear response
• what is an Unconditioned response?

  The natural response to an unconditioned stimulus (in this case fear)
• what is a Conditioned (learnt) stimulus?

  The neutral stimulus that becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus
• what is a Conditioned response?

  The learnt response to the conditioned stimulus (in this case fear)
• How is classical conditioning demonstrated through a fear of the dentist?

  • Before conditioning: Nerve being hit (UCS), Drill (NS)
  • During conditioning: Nerve being hit (UCS), Drill (NS)
  • After conditioning: Drill (CS), Pain (UCR), No response, Pain (UCR), Pain (CR)
• what is Operant conditioning?

  Explains how phobias can be maintained once they have been learnt via classical conditioning
• what is Negative reinforcement?

  An action that stops something unpleasant occurring which then makes it more likely you will carry out the behaviour again