The nucleus contains the genetic material that controls the cell's activities.
Cytoplasm is a gel-like substance in which most of the chemical reactions takes place.
The cell membrane holds the cell together and controls which substances can go in and out of the cell.
Plant cell wall is made up of cellulose.
The permanent vacuole of the plant cell contains cell sap (solution made up of sugar and salts)
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts
chloroplasts contain a green pigment called chlorophyll, which absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis
Bacterial cells don't have a nucleus. They have a singular circular strand of DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm.
magnification = imagesize / realsize
the function of the sperm cell is to get male DNA to the female DNA
the sperm cell has a long tail & a streamlined head to help it swim to the egg
sperm cells have lots of mitochondria
sperm cells also have enzymes in its head to digest the egg cell membrane.
The function of the nerve cell is to carry electrical signals from one part of the body to another
nerve cells are long in structure and have branched connections at their ends to connect to other nerve cells. This creates a network throughout the body
function of muscle cells is to contract quickly
muscle cells are long and contain lots of mitochondria to generate the energy needed for contraction
chromosomes contain genetic information
the nucleus contains all of the genetic material in the form of chromosomes
chromosomes are coiled up lengths of DNA molecules
stem cells can divided into different types of cells based on the given instructions
stem cells are found in early embryos and are found in bone marrow for adults
embryonic stem cells are used to make insulin-producing cells for people with diabetes
embryonic stem cells can also produce nerve cells for paralysed people
stem cells in plants are found in the meristems
stem cells can be used to make clones of whole plants quickly & cheaply
stem cells can also be used by farmers to grow crops with their desired features
Diffusion is the net-movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
diffusion only occurs in solutions & gases
the bigger the concentration gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion
the larger the surfacearea of the membrane, the faster the rateofdiffusion
Osmosis is the net-movement of water particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, through a partiallypermeable membrane.
a partially permeable membrane is a membrane with very small holes in it
active transport is the movement of substances from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, against a concentrationgradient