biol 5 lec

• Biology


  The study of/science of life
• Biology


  • Dealing with origin, history, structure, function, identification, classification, distribution, development, inheritance, significance of living things as well as their relationships and interactions within the environment
• Heliocentrism


  Sun is position at the center
• Geocentrism


  Earth is the center
• Newton's laws of motion


  • First: inertia, Second: acceleration, Third: gravity
• Vesalius


  Studied human body, father of human anatomy, wrote the book "The Fabrica"
• William Harvey


  Recognized the full circulation of blood in a human body
• Marcello Malpighi


  Studied the embryo of a chick, discovered the aortic arches, neural folds, and somite
• Aortic arches


  Part of a heart in the section of aorta that is in arch shape
• Neural fold


  Part of neural tube in the early formation of embryo that forms the early brain and spine
• Somite


  Epithelial block that gives rise to the cells that form the vertebrae and ribs, dermis of the dorsal skin, skeletal muscle of the back, and the skeletal muscle of the body walls and limbs
• Embryo


  Pre formed egg after fertilization
• Robert Hooke


  Discovered the cell under microscope, cell is the basic unit of life, cell is shaped like a prison cell, published the book "micrographia"
• Anton Van Leeuwenhoek


  Invention of the microscope, father of microbiology, made contributions to microbiology, plant anatomy and animal reproduction, made over 500 microscopes
• Microscopes


  Light, compound, electron, binocular
• Cell theory


  Cell is the basic unit of life, cell come from pre existing cells, all organisms are made of cells
• Biogenesis


  "Life comes only from life"
• Homeostasis


  "The internal environment remains within a normal range", cells require appropriate conditions to function properly
• Evolution


  All living things have a common ancestor and are adapted to a particular life, process by which organisms change over time as a result of changes in heritable physical or behavioral traits
• Gene


  Organisms contain coded information that dictates their structure, function and behavior, basic physical and functional unit of heredity and is made up of DNA
• Gregor Mendel


  Discovered cell and is the father of genetics
• Maurice Wilkins, Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, Francis Crick


  Contributed to the understanding of genes
• Metabolism


  All chemical and energy transformations that occur in cells as they carry out life's processes, anabolism (building up process), catabolism (breaking down process)
• Growth


  Increase in size, accomplished through a complex series of chemical process, occurs when constructive activities occur at a destructive activity
• Irritability


  Ability to react to any environmental change or stimulus that often result in movement, ability to respond helps ensure the survival of living organisms
• Reproduction and Development


  Living things must be able to produce other living things of their kind
• Adaptation


  Modifications that promote the likelihood of survival
• Organization


  Parts of living things are arranged in a particular way, levels of biological organization: biochemical, structural, physiological, and ecological organization
• Assimilation


  Process in which the living organisms integrate the nutrients from various external resources in their body and utilize them to satisfy the energy demands required to stay alive, absorption of vitamins, minerals, and other chemicals from food within the intestinal tract
• Definite Chemical Composition


  Organisms are made up of similar inorganic and organic molecules
• Definite Forms And Sizes

  Living things produce offspring similar to themselves
• The scientific method involves defined steps that include experiments and careful observations, a systematic approach in pursuit of truth based on reality and logic, and the non acceptance of an explanation without proof
• Scientific method


  1. Observing and stating a problem

  2. Forming a hypothesis

  3. Testing the hypothesis

  4. Recording and analyzing data

  5. Forming conclusions

  6. Replicating the process
• Observation


  Any specific process starts with observation using all the senses, science ultimate goal is "to know", curiosity and inquiry helps with the development of science, analyzed for patterns which can later become topics for investigations, essential to the testing of a hypothesis and discovery of new facts
• Hypothesis


  A preliminary conclusion or a scientific guess about the problem, can be tested, can be called as tentative explanations and can be generally produced within the context of a scientific theory
• Scientific theory


  A generally accepted, thoroughly tested and confirmed explanation for a set of observations of phenomena, and is also the foundation of scientific knowledge
• Experiment


  A special procedure used to test the hypothesis
• Data


  All observations and information, properly recorded and analyzed, statistical test may be applied to decide whether the result validate or refute the hypothesis
• Theory


  A conclusion derived from actual experiences or experiments formed to explain certain phenomena and the relationship between them
• Scientific law


  Can be tested, observed by nature, conducted through series of experiments and is recognized